All tables associated with this report can be downloaded from the NISRA website.

1. Overview

1.1 Key points

The number of employees receiving pay through HMRC PAYE in NI in November 2025 was 816,600, an increase of 0.1% over the month and an increase of 1.2% over the year.

Employment section 3.3
Earnings from HMRC PAYE indicated that NI employees had a median monthly pay of £2,406 in November 2025, a decrease of £13 (0.5%) over the month and an increase of £108 (4.7%) over the year.

Employment section 3.4
In November 2025, the seasonally adjusted number of people on the claimant count was 36,800 (3.8% of the workforce), an increase of 2.6% from the previous month’s revised figure. The November 2025 claimant count remains 23.3% higher than the pre-pandemic count in March 2020.

Unemployment section 2.2
NISRA, acting on behalf of the Department for the Economy, received confirmation that 70 redundancies occurred in November 2025. Over the year, December 2024 to November 2025, 2,290 redundancies were confirmed. There were 230 proposed redundancies in November 2025, taking the annual total to 2,700.

Unemployment section 2.3
Businesses reported that employee jobs decreased over the quarter (0.3%) and increased over the year (1.0%) to 838,200 jobs in September 2025.

Employment section 3.5
The latest NI seasonally adjusted unemployment rate (the proportion of economically active people aged 16 and over who were unemployed) for the period August-October 2025 was estimated from the Labour Force Survey at 2.4%. This represents an increase of 0.1 percentage points (pps) over the quarter and an increase of 0.8pps over the year.

Unemployment section 2.1
Line chart of seasonally adjusted unemployment rate (Age 16 and over) in NI. More detail on the trends is included in the text directly beside the charts and later in the report.
The proportion of people aged 16 to 64 in work (the employment rate) decreased by 1.1pps over the quarter and decreased by 1.6pps over the year to 70.7%.

Employment section 3.1
Line chart of seasonally adjusted employment rate (Aged 16 to 64) in NI. More detail on the trends is included in the text directly beside the charts and later in the report.
The economic inactivity rate (the proportion of people aged 16 to 64 who were not working and not seeking or available to work) increased by 1.0pps over the quarter and increased by 0.9pps over the year to 27.5%.

Economic inactivity section 4.1
Line chart of seasonally adjusted economic inactivity rates (Aged 16 to 64) in NI. More detail on the trends is included in the text directly beside the charts and later in the report.
The total number of weekly hours worked in NI was estimated at 29.2 million hours, a decrease of 0.5% on the previous quarter and a decrease of 1.8% on the equivalent period last year.

Employment section 3.2

1.2 Commentary

The most recent labour market figures show that Northern Ireland’s labour market is continuing to slow. Although there have been increases in employment levels in both the payrolled employee numbers from the HMRC payroll data and employee jobs from the QES over the year, both of these increases have been relatively small. Additionally, the Labour Force Survey (LFS) shows a decrease in the employment rate, with increases in both the unemployment rate and the economic inactivity rate.

The latest HMRC payroll data shows that payrolled employees increased by 0.1% over the month and increased by 1.2% over the year. Payrolled earnings increased by 0.5% over the month and were 4.7% higher than October 2024.

Households reported, via the Labour Force Survey (LFS), over the year to August-October 2025, increases in both the unemployment rate (by 0.8pps to 2.4%) and the economic inactivity rate (by 0.9pps to 27.5%), while the employment rate decreased by 1.6pps to 70.7%. None of these annual changes were statistically significant.

The total number of hours worked in August-October 2025 decreased by 1.8% over the year, to 29.2 million hours per week. This figure is just 0.1% below the pre-pandemic position recorded in November-January 2020 and is 3.9% below the highest level recorded in this time series (30.4 million hours per week, in February-April 2025).

Businesses reported, via the Quarterly Employment Survey, that employee jobs in NI decreased over the quarter and increased over the year to 838,200 jobs in September 2025. Quarterly decreases in employee jobs were seen within the manufacturing, services and other industry sectors while there was a quarterly increase in the construction sector. There were increases in employee jobs over the year within the construction and services sectors and annual decreases in the manufacturing and other industries sectors.

In November 2025, the Department was notified of 70 confirmed redundancies, bringing the rolling twelve-month total of confirmed redundancies to 2,290, which was over thirty five percent higher than the figure for the previous year (1,690). In addition, 230 proposed redundancies were notified to the Department in November 2025. The annual total of proposed redundancies was 2,700, almost nine percent below the figure for the previous year (2,960). Both the twelve-month totals of proposed and confirmed redundancies are similar to the levels seen in the decade preceding the pandemic.

Finally, there was an increase of 2.6% in the claimant count estimate over the month to November 2025 from the revised figure for October 2025. The claimant count rate for November 2025 also increased, to 3.8%, from the revised rate for October 2025 of 3.7%.

1.3 Things users need to know

Labour Market Statistics – Transformation in Northern Ireland

The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) is currently in the process of transforming the Labour Force Survey (LFS) and associated labour market statistics for Northern Ireland. This work is being advanced alongside work by the Office for National Statistics (ONS) to transform the LFS in Great Britain.

The latest update on the transformation in NI can be found in the Labour Market Statistics update - November 2025 published on the 14th November 2025.

Previous updates can be found at Labour Force Survey Transformation.

If, on reading the information paper and associated documentation, you have any queries regarding NISRA’s work in this space we would love to hear from you. All queries should be sent to: Labourmarketstatistics@nisra.gov.uk.

1.4 Context

The Labour Market Report is a monthly overview of key labour market statistics for NI.

The Use of Economic and Labour Market Business and Household Surveys page provides recent examples of how data collected from the Labour Force Survey is used to inform, develop and monitor evidence-based policies. A Labour Market Outputs consultation in summer 2019 (Labour Market Statistics User Engagement page) showed labour market statistics are also used in academic and private sector research. Significant non-governmental users of labour market statistics include the media, banks, academics, private consultants, and the general public. User requested analysis is published on the NISRA website.


2. Unemployment

2.1 Labour Force Survey unemployment

LFS unemployment: The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines unemployed as those aged 16 and over without a job who were able to start work in the two weeks following their LFS interview and had either looked for work in the four weeks prior to interview or were waiting to start a job they had already obtained.

Key findings

  • The NI unemployment rate for August-October 2025 increased over both the quarter and the year to 2.4%.
  • The most recent UK unemployment rate for August-October 2025 was estimated at 5.1%.

Figure 1: The latest NI unemployment rate increased over the quarter and year

Seasonally adjusted unemployment rate (Age 16 and over), Aug-Oct 2010 to Aug-Oct 2025
Chart
Table
Date Northern Ireland United Kingdom
Aug-Oct 2010 7.5 7.9
Nov-Jan 2011 7.9 7.9
Feb-Apr 2011 7.2 7.7
May-Jul 2011 7.4 8.0
Aug-Oct 2011 6.9 8.4
Nov-Jan 2012 6.4 8.3
Feb-Apr 2012 7.0 8.2
May-Jul 2012 8.2 8.0
Aug-Oct 2012 7.8 7.8
Nov-Jan 2013 8.3 7.8
Feb-Apr 2013 7.6 7.8
May-Jul 2013 6.9 7.7
Aug-Oct 2013 7.6 7.4
Nov-Jan 2014 7.4 7.1
Feb-Apr 2014 6.7 6.6
May-Jul 2014 6.6 6.1
Aug-Oct 2014 6.4 5.9
Nov-Jan 2015 6.0 5.6
Feb-Apr 2015 6.0 5.5
May-Jul 2015 6.1 5.5
Aug-Oct 2015 6.2 5.2
Nov-Jan 2016 6.1 5.1
Feb-Apr 2016 5.6 5.0
May-Jul 2016 5.3 4.9
Aug-Oct 2016 5.7 4.8
Nov-Jan 2017 5.8 4.7
Feb-Apr 2017 5.3 4.5
May-Jul 2017 5.0 4.3
Aug-Oct 2017 3.9 4.2
Nov-Jan 2018 3.3 4.3
Feb-Apr 2018 3.3 4.2
May-Jul 2018 3.8 4.0
Aug-Oct 2018 3.6 4.1
Nov-Jan 2019 3.5 3.9
Feb-Apr 2019 3.1 3.8
May-Jul 2019 2.8 3.9
Aug-Oct 2019 2.3 3.8
Nov-Jan 2020 2.4 3.9
Feb-Apr 2020 2.6 4.1
May-Jul 2020 3.4 4.4
Aug-Oct 2020 4.2 5.2
Nov-Jan 2021 4.2 5.2
Feb-Apr 2021 3.4 4.8
May-Jul 2021 4.3 4.6
Aug-Oct 2021 3.9 4.3
Nov-Jan 2022 3.2 4.1
Feb-Apr 2022 2.7 3.8
May-Jul 2022 3.0 3.6
Aug-Oct 2022 2.7 3.8
Nov-Jan 2023 2.2 3.9
Feb-Apr 2023 2.2 3.9
May-Jul 2023 2.5 4.3
Aug-Oct 2023 2.0 4.0
Nov-Jan 2024 2.2 4.1
Feb-Apr 2024 2.1 4.4
May-Jul 2024 1.9 4.2
Aug-Oct 2024 1.6 4.3
Nov-Jan 2025 1.5 4.4
Feb-Apr 2025 1.8 4.6
May-Jul 2025 2.2 4.7
Aug-Oct 2025 2.4 5.1


Figure 1 shows the unemployment rates for NI and the UK over the last 15 years. During this period, the UK unemployment rate peaked at 8.4% in late-2011, while the NI unemployment rate peaked at 8.3% in early-2013. Following these peaks, both unemployment rates showed a downward trend until the end of 2019. After rises during the early part of the pandemic, both rates then decreased. Over the most recent year to August-October 2025, the NI unemployment rate increased by 0.8pps to 2.4%, while the UK unemployment rate also increased by 0.8pps, to 5.1%.

The NI unemployment rate (age 16 and over) for the period August-October 2025 was estimated at 2.4%. This was:

  • an increase of 0.1pps over the quarter (not statistically significant); and
  • an increase of 0.8pps over the year (not statistically significant).

The number of unemployed people (age 16 and over) in NI was estimated at 21,000, which was:

  • up 1,000 over the quarter; and
  • up 7,000 from the same period last year.

UK regional comparison:

  • The NI unemployment rate (age 16 and over) of 2.4% was 2.7pps below the most recent UK rate of 5.1%.
  • the lowest of the twelve UK regions.

2.2 Claimant count (experimental)

Claimant Count (experimental) consists of all people claiming Jobseeker’s Allowance (JSA) plus those Universal Credit (UC) claimants who were claiming principally for the reason of being unemployed. Some claimants are wholly unemployed and seeking work, while others may be employed but with low earnings that make them eligible for unemployment related benefit support.

Key findings

  • Over the month to November 2025, the NI claimant count increased by 2.6% to 36,800.
  • In November 2025, 3.8% of the NI workforce were recorded on the claimant count.

Figure 2: Seasonally adjusted claimant count rate remains relatively stable over the month

NI seasonally adjusted claimant count (experimental) monthly rates, November 2010 to November 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Undercount Rate
Nov 2010 6.4
Dec 2010 6.4
Jan 2011 6.4
Feb 2011 6.5
Mar 2011 6.5
Apr 2011 6.5
May 2011 6.5
Jun 2011 6.6
Jul 2011 6.7
Aug 2011 6.7
Sep 2011 6.7
Oct 2011 6.7
Nov 2011 6.7
Dec 2011 6.7
Jan 2012 6.9
Feb 2012 6.9
Mar 2012 6.9
Apr 2012 7.0
May 2012 7.0
Jun 2012 7.1
Jul 2012 7.2
Aug 2012 7.1
Sep 2012 7.2
Oct 2012 7.2
Nov 2012 7.2
Dec 2012 7.3
Jan 2013 7.2
Feb 2013 7.2
Mar 2013 7.2
Apr 2013 7.2
May 2013 7.1
Jun 2013 7.0
Jul 2013 7.0
Aug 2013 7.0
Sep 2013 6.9
Oct 2013 6.8
Nov 2013 6.7
Dec 2013 6.6
Jan 2014 6.5
Feb 2014 6.4
Mar 2014 6.3
Apr 2014 6.2
May 2014 6.1
Jun 2014 6.0
Jul 2014 5.8
Aug 2014 5.8
Sep 2014 5.8
Oct 2014 5.7
Nov 2014 5.6
Dec 2014 5.5
Jan 2015 5.4
Feb 2015 5.2
Mar 2015 5.0
Apr 2015 4.9
May 2015 4.8
Jun 2015 4.8
Jul 2015 4.7
Aug 2015 4.6
Sep 2015 4.5
Oct 2015 4.4
Nov 2015 4.4
Dec 2015 4.3
Jan 2016 4.2
Feb 2016 4.2
Mar 2016 4.2
Apr 2016 4.1
May 2016 4.0
Jun 2016 4.0
Jul 2016 3.9
Aug 2016 3.8
Sep 2016 3.8
Oct 2016 3.7
Nov 2016 3.6
Dec 2016 3.6
Jan 2017 3.5
Feb 2017 3.5
Mar 2017 3.4
Apr 2017 3.4
May 2017 3.4
Jun 2017 3.3
Jul 2017 3.3
Aug 2017 3.3
Sep 2017 3.2
Oct 2017 3.2
Nov 2017 3.1
Dec 2017 3.2
Jan 2018 3.1
Feb 2018 3.2
Mar 2018 3.1
Apr 2018 3.1
May 2018 3.1
Jun 2018 3.1
Jul 2018 3.0
Aug 2018 3.0
Sep 2018 3.1
Oct 2018 3.1
Nov 2018 3.2
Dec 2018 3.2
Jan 2019 3.1
Feb 2019 3.1
Mar 2019 3.1
Apr 2019 3.1
May 2019 3.1
Jun 2019 3.1
Jul 2019 3.1
Aug 2019 3.0
Sep 2019 3.1
Oct 2019 3.2
Nov 2019 3.2
Dec 2019 3.2
Jan 2020 3.0
Feb 2020 3.0
Mar 2020 3.0
Apr 2020 5.7
May 2020 6.5
Jun 2020 6.3
Jul 2020 6.3
Aug 2020 6.3
Sep 2020 6.1
Oct 2020 6.0
Nov 2020 6.0
Dec 2020 5.9
Jan 2021 5.9
Feb 2021 6.1
Mar 2021 6.0
Apr 2021 5.9
May 2021 5.7
Jun 2021 5.4
Jul 2021 5.3
Aug 2021 5.1
Sep 2021 5.0
Oct 2021 4.8
Nov 2021 4.6
Dec 2021 4.4
Jan 2022 4.1
Feb 2022 4.0
Mar 2022 3.9
Apr 2022 3.8
May 2022 3.7
Jun 2022 3.7
Jul 2022 3.7
Aug 2022 3.6
Sep 2022 3.6
Oct 2022 3.6
Nov 2022 3.7
Dec 2022 3.7
Jan 2023 3.7
Feb 2023 3.6
Mar 2023 3.7
Apr 2023 3.9
May 2023 3.7
Jun 2023 3.7
Jul 2023 3.7
Aug 2023 3.7
Sep 2023 3.7
Oct 2023 3.7
Nov 2023 3.6
Dec 2023 3.7
Jan 2024 3.7
Feb 2024 3.7
Mar 2024 3.7
Apr 2024 3.8
May 2024 3.8
Jun 2024 3.9
Jul 2024 4.1
Aug 2024 4.1
Sep 2024 4.2
Oct 2024 4.2
Nov 2024 4.1
Dec 2024 4.0
Jan 2025 4.0
Feb 2025 4.1
Mar 2025 4.0
Apr 2025 4.0
May 2025 3.9
Jun 2025 3.8
Jul 2025 3.7
Aug 2025 3.7
Sep 2025 3.7
Oct 2025 3.7
Nov 2025 3.8


In November 2025, 36,800 people were recorded on the NI Claimant Count. This is 42.6% less than the recent peak in May 2020 and 23.3% more than the pre-pandemic count in March 2020.

The increases in the claimant count between March 2020 and May 2020 can largely be attributed to the increase in the numbers of people becoming unemployed or having their hours reduced due to COVID, resulting in very low earnings below the administrative earnings threshold. The increases seen between May 2024 and September 2024 are largely due to the increase in the administrative earnings threshold for Universal Credit. More information on this change can be found in the Press Statement released by the Department for Work and Pensions on 13 May 2024.

The NI seasonally adjusted claimant count was 36,800 (3.8% of the workforce) in November 2025, representing:

  • an increase of 900 (2.6%) over the month
  • a decrease of 3,600 (9.0%) over the year, and
  • an increase of 6,900 (23.3%) since March 2020.

Changes by sex:

  • an increase of 3.3% in males and an increase of 1.9% in females over the month, and
  • a decrease of 7.3% in males and a decrease of 10.9% in females over the year.

Changes by age:

  • Over the year, there has been a 6.2% increase in claimants aged 16 to 24, with a 12.7% decrease in claimants aged 25 to 49, and a decrease of 6.2% for those aged 50 and over.
  • Compared to the pre-pandemic counts in March 2020, there have been increases in the number of claimants in the 16-24 age-band (6.0%), the 25 to 49 age-band (33.3%) and the 50 and over age-band (16.2%).

Changes by Local Government District:

  • Over the year, there have been decreases for all Local Government Districts, with the largest decreases seen in Fermanagh and Omagh (17.9%) and Mid Ulster (16.0%).

UK regional comparison:

  • The UK seasonally adjusted claimant count increased by 1.2% over the month to 1,682,900 (4.4% of the workforce).
  • The UK count is 37.6% below the recent peak in August 2020 and 36.8% above the pre-pandemic count in March 2020.

2.3 Redundancies

Redundancies: Companies must inform the Department of (a) impending redundancies of 20 or more employees and (b) subsequent confirmed redundancies. Since all proposed redundancies do not actually take place, the confirmed total provides a better indication of real job losses.

Key findings

  • 70 redundancies were confirmed in November 2025, taking the annual total to 2,290, which was over thirty-five percent higher than the figure for the previous year (1,690).
  • There were 230 proposed redundancies in November 2025, taking the annual total to 2,700, which was almost nine percent less than the figure for the previous year (2,960).

Figure 3: Latest annual total of confirmed redundancies higher than previous year

NI confirmed and proposed redundancies, Annual totals, Dec 2009-Nov 2010 to Dec 2024-Nov 2025
Chart
Table
Year Proposed Confirmed
2009/10 3,220 2,250
2010/11 1,730 1,680
2011/12 4,590 3,330
2012/13 2,360 2,230
2013/14 4,260 2,050
2014/15 3,630 1,950
2015/16 4,330 3,730
2016/17 2,760 1,850
2017/18 3,930 2,640
2018/19 4,000 3,090
2019/20 10,720 4,730
2020/21 2,280 3,070
2021/22 1,490 850
2022/23 4,310 2,590
2023/24 2,960 1,690
2024/25 2,700 2,290


Redundancy notification data generally shows a high degree of correlation between proposed and confirmed redundancies when grouped by year. The graph above shows that, generally the number of proposed redundancies is higher than confirmed redundancies, indicating that not all proposed redundancies take place.

The November 2025 total of confirmed redundancies (70) was less than half of the monthly average in 2024 (150). The rolling twelve-month total (2,290) was above 2,000 for the seventh consecutive month.

The number of proposed redundancies in November 2025 (230) is less than the monthly averages for recent years (2023: 360, 2024: 250). The rolling twelve-month total of proposed redundancies was 2,700 and is the lowest total since May 2023.

Confirmed redundancies

During November 2025, the Department was notified of:

  • 70 confirmed redundancies, less than half of the monthly average for 2024 (150).

Over the last twelve months, to the end of November 2025, there were:

  • 2,290 confirmed redundancies, over thirty-five percent higher than the figure for the previous year (1,690).
  • 790 confirmed redundancies (34.5%) in the manufacturing sector.
  • 430 confirmed redundancies (18.8%) in the education sector.
  • 340 confirmed redundancies (14.7%) in the information and communication sector.

Proposed redundancies

During November 2025, the Department was notified of:

  • 230 proposed redundancies, less than the monthly average (250) during 2024.

Over the last twelve months, to the end of November 2025, there were:

  • 2,700 proposed redundancies, almost nine percent less than the figure for the previous year (2,960).
  • 950 proposed redundancies (35.2%) in the manufacturing sector.
  • 410 proposed redundancies (15.0%) in the information and communication sector.
  • 180 proposed redundancies (6.7%) in the administrative and support service activities sector.


3. Employment

3.1 LFS employment

LFS employed: people aged 16 or over who did at least one hour of paid work in the reference week (whether as an employee or self-employed); those who had a paid job that they were temporarily away from; those on government-supported training and employee programmes and those doing unpaid family work.

Key findings

  • The NI employment rate for August-October 2025 decreased over both the quarter and year to 70.7%.
  • The most recent UK employment rate for August-October 2025 was estimated at 74.9%.

Figure 4: The NI employment rate has been consistently below the UK rate over the last 15 years

Seasonally adjusted employment rate (Aged 16 to 64), Aug-Oct 2010 to Aug-Oct 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Northern Ireland United Kingdom
Aug-Oct 2010 65.7 70.5
Nov-Jan 2011 66.0 70.5
Feb-Apr 2011 67.2 70.5
May-Jul 2011 67.1 70.2
Aug-Oct 2011 67.7 70.1
Nov-Jan 2012 68.1 70.2
Feb-Apr 2012 67.1 70.5
May-Jul 2012 66.8 71.1
Aug-Oct 2012 67.3 71.1
Nov-Jan 2013 66.4 71.4
Feb-Apr 2013 67.1 71.2
May-Jul 2013 67.5 71.5
Aug-Oct 2013 66.8 71.9
Nov-Jan 2014 67.6 72.1
Feb-Apr 2014 67.9 72.7
May-Jul 2014 67.9 72.8
Aug-Oct 2014 68.1 73.0
Nov-Jan 2015 67.6 73.3
Feb-Apr 2015 68.3 73.4
May-Jul 2015 67.9 73.5
Aug-Oct 2015 68.5 73.9
Nov-Jan 2016 68.8 74.0
Feb-Apr 2016 69.8 74.1
May-Jul 2016 69.7 74.5
Aug-Oct 2016 69.7 74.4
Nov-Jan 2017 69.1 74.5
Feb-Apr 2017 68.8 74.7
May-Jul 2017 68.3 75.2
Aug-Oct 2017 68.4 75.0
Nov-Jan 2018 69.5 75.2
Feb-Apr 2018 69.8 75.5
May-Jul 2018 70.0 75.4
Aug-Oct 2018 69.5 75.6
Nov-Jan 2019 70.9 76.0
Feb-Apr 2019 71.5 76.0
May-Jul 2019 72.1 76.0
Aug-Oct 2019 72.4 76.0
Nov-Jan 2020 72.3 76.4
Feb-Apr 2020 70.2 75.7
May-Jul 2020 69.5 75.3
Aug-Oct 2020 69.7 74.5
Nov-Jan 2021 68.5 74.3
Feb-Apr 2021 69.2 74.4
May-Jul 2021 69.5 74.8
Aug-Oct 2021 68.4 75.0
Nov-Jan 2022 69.0 75.0
Feb-Apr 2022 70.0 75.2
May-Jul 2022 69.9 75.0
Aug-Oct 2022 71.3 75.0
Nov-Jan 2023 71.8 75.2
Feb-Apr 2023 72.0 75.5
May-Jul 2023 71.3 74.9
Aug-Oct 2023 72.7 74.9
Nov-Jan 2024 72.7 74.7
Feb-Apr 2024 72.7 74.4
May-Jul 2024 72.7 74.7
Aug-Oct 2024 72.2 74.9
Nov-Jan 2025 72.2 75.0
Feb-Apr 2025 71.7 75.1
May-Jul 2025 71.8 75.2
Aug-Oct 2025 70.7 74.9


Figure 4 shows that, over the last 15 years, the NI employment rate has been consistently below the UK rate. Although showing a similar trend, the fall in the employment rate in NI between 2019 and 2021 was steeper than the fall in the UK rate. When compared to the pre-pandemic rates recorded in November-January 2020, the most recent NI employment rate was 1.6pps below the NI pre-pandemic rate of 72.3%, while the UK rate was 1.5pps below the UK pre-pandemic rate of 76.4%.

The most recent NI employment rate (aged 16 to 64) for the period August-October 2025 was estimated at 70.7%. This was:

  • a decrease of 1.1pps over the quarter (not statistically significant); and
  • a decrease of 1.6pps over the year (not statistically significant);

The number of employed people (age 16 and over) in NI was estimated at 879,000, which was:

  • down 18,000 from last quarter; and
  • down 17,000 from the same period last year.

Annual changes by sex (for those aged 16 to 64) showed that:

  • the male employment rate (74.1%) decreased by 2.0pps over the year; and
  • the female employment rate (67.4%) decreased by 1.2pps over the year.

UK regional comparison:

  • The NI employment rate (aged 16 to 64) of 70.7% was 4.2pps below the most recent UK rate of 74.9%.
  • the second lowest of the twelve UK regions.

Please note that the following estimates are not adjusted for seasonality.

Self-employment:

  • In August-October 2025, there were 107,000 self-employed, a decrease of 6,000 (5.5%) over the year, and 31,000 lower (22.2%) than the pre-pandemic figure in November-January 2020.
  • The proportion who were self-employed (12.2%) remains below the pre-pandemic proportion (15.5% recorded in November-January 2020).

Employment by Age:

  • In August-October 2025, those aged 35 to 49 had the highest employment rate (80.5%), whilst those aged 16 to 24 had the lowest (48.6%).
  • Compared to the pre-pandemic rates in November-January 2020, the employment rate for those aged 50 to 64 saw the only increase (by +1.3pps, from 64.4% to 65.7%), whilst the rate for those aged 16 to 24 saw the largest decrease (by -7.8pps, from 56.4% to 48.6%).

3.2 Total weekly hours

Please note that the following estimates are not adjusted for seasonality.

Key findings

  • The total number of weekly hours worked in August-October 2025 was estimated at 29.2 million hours per week.
  • This was a decrease of 0.5% on the previous quarter and a decrease of 1.8% on the same period last year.

Figure 5: Total hours worked similar to pre-pandemic level

Total weekly hours worked (Age 16 and over), Aug-Oct 2010 to Aug-Oct 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Total weekly hours
Aug-Oct 2010 25.6
Nov-Jan 2011 24.8
Feb-Apr 2011 26.1
May-Jul 2011 25.8
Aug-Oct 2011 26.4
Nov-Jan 2012 25.3
Feb-Apr 2012 26.2
May-Jul 2012 26.1
Aug-Oct 2012 27.1
Nov-Jan 2013 25.6
Feb-Apr 2013 26.6
May-Jul 2013 26.8
Aug-Oct 2013 27.0
Nov-Jan 2014 26.0
Feb-Apr 2014 27.4
May-Jul 2014 27.2
Aug-Oct 2014 27.7
Nov-Jan 2015 26.6
Feb-Apr 2015 27.4
May-Jul 2015 26.6
Aug-Oct 2015 27.5
Nov-Jan 2016 26.4
Feb-Apr 2016 27.6
May-Jul 2016 27.1
Aug-Oct 2016 27.3
Nov-Jan 2017 27.3
Feb-Apr 2017 28.0
May-Jul 2017 26.8
Aug-Oct 2017 27.8
Nov-Jan 2018 28.0
Feb-Apr 2018 28.1
May-Jul 2018 28.7
Aug-Oct 2018 27.9
Nov-Jan 2019 28.5
Feb-Apr 2019 29.7
May-Jul 2019 29.5
Aug-Oct 2019 29.8
Nov-Jan 2020 29.1
Feb-Apr 2020 26.2
May-Jul 2020 23.6
Aug-Oct 2020 26.2
Nov-Jan 2021 25.7
Feb-Apr 2021 26.1
May-Jul 2021 26.5
Aug-Oct 2021 27.3
Nov-Jan 2022 26.7
Feb-Apr 2022 28.2
May-Jul 2022 27.6
Aug-Oct 2022 28.2
Nov-Jan 2023 28.2
Feb-Apr 2023 29.1
May-Jul 2023 28.2
Aug-Oct 2023 29.1
Nov-Jan 2024 28.6
Feb-Apr 2024 29.1
May-Jul 2024 29.3
Aug-Oct 2024 29.7
Nov-Jan 2025 29.2
Feb-Apr 2025 30.4
May-Jul 2025 29.3
Aug-Oct 2025 29.2


Figure 5 illustrates that, like many labour market indicators, total weekly hours worked shows a seasonal pattern. Outside of these seasonal variations, a trend of increasing weekly hours worked can be seen between 2010 and the end of 2019, prior to a sharp fall between November-January 2020 and May-July 2020. From early-2021 onwards, the increasing trend returned at a steeper rate than before the pandemic. Hours worked in August-October 2025 remained 3.9% below the peak in this series of 30.4 million hours in February-April 2025.

The total number of weekly hours worked in NI in August-October 2025 was estimated at 29.2 million hours, this was:

  • a decrease of 0.2 million hours (0.5%) on the previous quarter;
  • a decrease of 0.5 million hours (1.8%) from the same period last year (not statistically significant); and
  • unchanged from the pre-pandemic (November-January 2020) figure.

The average number of weekly hours worked in August-October 2025 was estimated at 37.1 hours for those in full-time employment, and at 18.1 hours for those in part-time employment (for main jobs only, any second jobs are excluded). By sex:

  • for those in full-time employment, the average weekly hours worked for males was 39.5 hours, whereas for females it was 33.5 hours.
  • for those in part-time employment, the average weekly hours worked for males was 19.0 hours, whereas for females it was 17.8 hours.

3.3 Employees (experimental) from HMRC PAYE RTI

Payrolled employee counts (experimental) from the HMRC’s Pay As You Earn (PAYE) Real Time Information (RTI) system relate to employees paid by employers only, and do not include those who are self-employed. Data are based on where employees live and not the location of their place of work within the UK. As employees who were “furloughed” as part of the Coronavirus Job Retention Scheme programme should still have had their payments reported through this system, they should feature in these data.

Key findings

  • The number of payrolled employees in NI increased by 0.1% over the month and increased by 1.2% over the year to November 2025.
  • In the UK, the number of payrolled employees decreased by 0.1% over the month and decreased by 0.6% over the year to November 2025.

Figure 6: Number of payrolled employees increased over the month

NI payrolled employees (experimental) from PAYE RTI, July 2014 to November 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Northern Ireland
Jul 2014 674,037
Aug 2014 675,538
Sep 2014 676,339
Oct 2014 677,621
Nov 2014 679,619
Dec 2014 679,797
Jan 2015 684,108
Feb 2015 686,429
Mar 2015 687,596
Apr 2015 690,406
May 2015 691,119
Jun 2015 693,598
Jul 2015 695,363
Aug 2015 696,550
Sep 2015 698,756
Oct 2015 699,387
Nov 2015 700,366
Dec 2015 700,272
Jan 2016 701,733
Feb 2016 702,307
Mar 2016 703,167
Apr 2016 703,106
May 2016 703,884
Jun 2016 703,874
Jul 2016 704,654
Aug 2016 706,219
Sep 2016 707,447
Oct 2016 708,712
Nov 2016 711,714
Dec 2016 712,265
Jan 2017 711,037
Feb 2017 712,983
Mar 2017 714,335
Apr 2017 715,248
May 2017 716,983
Jun 2017 718,653
Jul 2017 719,426
Aug 2017 720,929
Sep 2017 722,301
Oct 2017 723,624
Nov 2017 724,946
Dec 2017 728,353
Jan 2018 728,040
Feb 2018 729,533
Mar 2018 730,144
Apr 2018 731,458
May 2018 732,650
Jun 2018 733,461
Jul 2018 734,757
Aug 2018 736,364
Sep 2018 737,767
Oct 2018 739,379
Nov 2018 740,226
Dec 2018 741,567
Jan 2019 742,693
Feb 2019 743,660
Mar 2019 745,296
Apr 2019 745,685
May 2019 746,338
Jun 2019 745,000
Jul 2019 747,181
Aug 2019 747,536
Sep 2019 747,944
Oct 2019 748,376
Nov 2019 750,020
Dec 2019 750,378
Jan 2020 752,040
Feb 2020 753,105
Mar 2020 753,525
Apr 2020 741,998
May 2020 741,505
Jun 2020 740,687
Jul 2020 741,997
Aug 2020 737,750
Sep 2020 738,194
Oct 2020 737,377
Nov 2020 735,778
Dec 2020 736,952
Jan 2021 738,846
Feb 2021 739,216
Mar 2021 740,816
Apr 2021 741,201
May 2021 747,657
Jun 2021 754,475
Jul 2021 760,196
Aug 2021 759,896
Sep 2021 761,253
Oct 2021 762,539
Nov 2021 765,208
Dec 2021 768,056
Jan 2022 770,295
Feb 2022 771,280
Mar 2022 773,089
Apr 2022 773,758
May 2022 775,476
Jun 2022 775,274
Jul 2022 776,914
Aug 2022 779,889
Sep 2022 779,266
Oct 2022 780,232
Nov 2022 781,818
Dec 2022 783,831
Jan 2023 784,176
Feb 2023 785,710
Mar 2023 788,273
Apr 2023 788,942
May 2023 789,095
Jun 2023 790,050
Jul 2023 790,286
Aug 2023 791,999
Sep 2023 794,083
Oct 2023 795,905
Nov 2023 797,155
Dec 2023 798,686
Jan 2024 799,101
Feb 2024 799,984
Mar 2024 799,938
Apr 2024 801,851
May 2024 803,914
Jun 2024 807,136
Jul 2024 806,925
Aug 2024 807,094
Sep 2024 807,036
Oct 2024 806,969
Nov 2024 807,245
Dec 2024 806,984
Jan 2025 808,419
Feb 2025 809,129
Mar 2025 809,965
Apr 2025 808,465
May 2025 809,752
Jun 2025 809,495
Jul 2025 811,169
Aug 2025 812,538
Sep 2025 814,283
Oct 2025 816,042
Nov 2025 816,604


Please note:

  1. The flash estimate for the latest period is based on early data and is therefore more likely to be subject to revisions.

Between 2014 and 2020, the number of payrolled employees had generally been increasing each month, peaking at around 754,000 in March 2020. This was followed by a decrease of around 12,000 employees (1.5%) to April 2020. Employee numbers then remained at a similar level until April 2021 when they returned to a general upward trend once again. Over the past 12 months, the number of payrolled employees has increased by 9,400 (1.2%), making it the only region in the UK to see an annual increase.

Data from the latest HMRC PAYE RTI show that:

  • 816,600 people were payrolled employees in November 2025, a 0.1% increase from the previous month and a 1.2% increase over the year.
  • In the UK, there were 30,256,500 payrolled employees in November 2025, a 0.1% decrease from the previous month and a 0.6% decrease over the year.
  • Over the year, the other 11 UK regions saw a decline in payrolled employees, while Northern Ireland recorded an increase of 1.2%.
  • Between March 2020 and November 2025, all regions of the UK recorded an increase in payrolled employees (4.3% overall). Northern Ireland recorded the largest increase (8.4%) while Scotland recorded the lowest (2.4%).

3.4 Earnings (experimental) from HMRC PAYE RTI

Median measures the amount earned by the average employee, i.e. the level of earnings at which half the population are above and half the population are below.

Key findings

  • Median monthly pay in NI decreased by 0.5% (£13) over the month to £2,406 in November 2025 and increased by 4.7% (£108) over the year.
  • The UK median monthly pay decreased by 0.1% (£3) over the month to £2,543 in November 2025 and increased by 2.7% (£67) over the year.

Figure 7: Over the month median monthly pay decreased in NI and the UK

Median Monthly Pay (experimental) from PAYE RTI, July 2014 to November 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Northern Ireland UK
Jul 2014 1490 1600
Aug 2014 1488 1603
Sep 2014 1490 1603
Oct 2014 1493 1605
Nov 2014 1499 1608
Dec 2014 1517 1616
Jan 2015 1500 1618
Feb 2015 1496 1621
Mar 2015 1500 1619
Apr 2015 1499 1616
May 2015 1498 1617
Jun 2015 1492 1618
Jul 2015 1493 1621
Aug 2015 1488 1618
Sep 2015 1495 1620
Oct 2015 1497 1629
Nov 2015 1495 1631
Dec 2015 1499 1630
Jan 2016 1502 1638
Feb 2016 1509 1642
Mar 2016 1518 1646
Apr 2016 1512 1655
May 2016 1514 1653
Jun 2016 1516 1656
Jul 2016 1519 1661
Aug 2016 1530 1662
Sep 2016 1528 1666
Oct 2016 1523 1665
Nov 2016 1531 1668
Dec 2016 1534 1672
Jan 2017 1535 1668
Feb 2017 1536 1679
Mar 2017 1544 1687
Apr 2017 1546 1690
May 2017 1546 1692
Jun 2017 1555 1696
Jul 2017 1554 1694
Aug 2017 1560 1702
Sep 2017 1564 1706
Oct 2017 1565 1708
Nov 2017 1572 1714
Dec 2017 1581 1721
Jan 2018 1570 1725
Feb 2018 1592 1730
Mar 2018 1586 1731
Apr 2018 1586 1733
May 2018 1603 1750
Jun 2018 1609 1758
Jul 2018 1614 1757
Aug 2018 1621 1779
Sep 2018 1621 1762
Oct 2018 1630 1770
Nov 2018 1636 1778
Dec 2018 1639 1773
Jan 2019 1649 1788
Feb 2019 1690 1793
Mar 2019 1655 1805
Apr 2019 1668 1811
May 2019 1680 1816
Jun 2019 1672 1815
Jul 2019 1681 1819
Aug 2019 1681 1826
Sep 2019 1685 1821
Oct 2019 1693 1828
Nov 2019 1689 1835
Dec 2019 1683 1841
Jan 2020 1705 1853
Feb 2020 1713 1864
Mar 2020 1738 1846
Apr 2020 1658 1798
May 2020 1666 1805
Jun 2020 1708 1831
Jul 2020 1743 1861
Aug 2020 1748 1887
Sep 2020 1769 1904
Oct 2020 1778 1913
Nov 2020 1782 1918
Dec 2020 1796 1928
Jan 2021 1788 1936
Feb 2021 1794 1946
Mar 2021 1795 1952
Apr 2021 1809 1966
May 2021 1804 1967
Jun 2021 1823 1979
Jul 2021 1879 1985
Aug 2021 1821 1991
Sep 2021 1850 2007
Oct 2021 1859 2012
Nov 2021 1858 2019
Dec 2021 1917 2038
Jan 2022 1940 2050
Feb 2022 1916 2058
Mar 2022 1921 2078
Apr 2022 1935 2079
May 2022 1937 2089
Jun 2022 1942 2105
Jul 2022 1953 2109
Aug 2022 1972 2119
Sep 2022 1968 2150
Oct 2022 1985 2147
Nov 2022 2015 2196
Dec 2022 2025 2193
Jan 2023 2047 2201
Feb 2023 2054 2212
Mar 2023 2103 2219
Apr 2023 2058 2232
May 2023 2066 2253
Jun 2023 2082 2305
Jul 2023 2082 2272
Aug 2023 2091 2276
Sep 2023 2097 2276
Oct 2023 2111 2279
Nov 2023 2130 2327
Dec 2023 2154 2331
Jan 2024 2143 2336
Feb 2024 2156 2348
Mar 2024 2162 2359
Apr 2024 2186 2371
May 2024 2230 2383
Jun 2024 2321 2389
Jul 2024 2239 2396
Aug 2024 2310 2409
Sep 2024 2245 2407
Oct 2024 2279 2456
Nov 2024 2298 2476
Dec 2024 2293 2460
Jan 2025 2306 2477
Feb 2025 2312 2483
Mar 2025 2401 2491
Apr 2025 2402 2514
May 2025 2373 2516
Jun 2025 2352 2524
Jul 2025 2368 2538
Aug 2025 2371 2564
Sep 2025 2411 2547
Oct 2025 2419 2546
Nov 2025 2406 2543


Please note:

  1. The flash estimate for the latest period is based on early data and is therefore more likely to be subject to revisions.

Median monthly pay in NI and the UK increased overall between mid-2015 and early 2020. In NI, an increase of 1.5% in median pay was recorded between February and March 2020, followed by a decrease of 4.6% between March and April 2020. The UK also saw a decrease between March and April 2020 of 2.6%. These monthly decreases coincided with decreases in the number of paid employees recorded in April 2020.

Over the past year, NI’s median monthly pay has experienced significant fluctuations due to local pay awards. The annual increase to November 2025 was the largest recorded across the UK.

Data from the latest HMRC PAYE RTI show that:

  • NI had a median monthly pay of £2,406 in November 2025, which was a decrease of 0.5% on the previous month and an increase of 4.7% from November 2024.
  • UK had a median monthly pay of £2,543 in November 2025, which was a decrease of 0.1% on the previous month and an increase of 2.7% from November 2024.
  • NI had the largest annual increase of the 12 UK regions, and was the third lowest earning region in the UK in November 2025. London had the highest median pay (£2,984).
  • Since March 2020, earnings in NI have increased by 38.4%, 0.6 pps more than the increase in the UK (37.8%) but the sixth lowest of all the UK regions.

3.5 Quarterly Employment Survey (QES)

Survey date 01 September 2025

QES employee: anyone aged 16 years or over that is directly paid from a business’s payroll for carrying out a full-time or part-time job or being on a training scheme in NI. The QES counts the number of jobs rather than the number of persons with jobs.

Key findings

  • Employee jobs in NI decreased over the quarter but increased over the year 838,200 jobs in September 2025.

Figure 8: Employee jobs in NI decreased over the quarter and increased over the year

NI index of employee jobs, September 2010 to September 2025 (Quarter 3)
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Quarter NI UK
Q3 2010 100.0 100.0
Q4 2010 99.5 99.9
Q1 2011 99.3 100.2
Q2 2011 98.8 99.9
Q3 2011 98.8 100.2
Q4 2011 98.1 100.4
Q1 2012 98.0 101.2
Q2 2012 98.3 100.9
Q3 2012 98.6 100.6
Q4 2012 98.6 100.7
Q1 2013 98.8 101.3
Q2 2013 99.3 101.7
Q3 2013 100.1 102.1
Q4 2013 100.0 102.8
Q1 2014 100.8 103.6
Q2 2014 100.7 104.8
Q3 2014 102.4 105.3
Q4 2014 102.4 105.9
Q1 2015 102.6 106.7
Q2 2015 103.1 107.0
Q3 2015 103.8 107.4
Q4 2015 103.5 107.9
Q1 2016 103.6 108.6
Q2 2016 104.1 109.0
Q3 2016 104.4 109.2
Q4 2016 105.0 109.4
Q1 2017 105.6 110.1
Q2 2017 106.4 110.1
Q3 2017 106.6 110.5
Q4 2017 107.6 110.4
Q1 2018 108.2 110.6
Q2 2018 108.6 110.6
Q3 2018 108.8 111.2
Q4 2018 109.6 111.4
Q1 2019 110.1 111.9
Q2 2019 109.9 112.2
Q3 2019 110.3 112.6
Q4 2019 110.5 112.5
Q1 2020 110.4 113.0
Q2 2020 110.2 111.9
Q3 2020 109.4 110.4
Q4 2020 109.2 110.5
Q1 2021 109.1 111.1
Q2 2021 109.3 112.1
Q3 2021 110.3 113.3
Q4 2021 111.0 113.9
Q1 2022 113.0 114.8
Q2 2022 113.5 115.5
Q3 2022 113.8 115.8
Q4 2022 115.0 116.4
Q1 2023 115.5 117.1
Q2 2023 115.9 117.0
Q3 2023 116.6 117.2
Q4 2023 116.1 117.5
Q1 2024 116.6 117.7
Q2 2024 116.6 117.8
Q3 2024 117.7 117.8
Q4 2024 117.9 118.2
Q1 2025 119.0 118.4
Q2 2025 119.2 118.1
Q3 2025 118.8 118.0


Figure 8 shows estimated seasonally adjusted employee jobs, indexed to allow comparison between NI and the UK. The UK reached a low point in December 2010, more than a year before the NI low in March 2012. There are now 147,350 more employee jobs in NI since the lowest point in March 2012, and 4,972,000 more jobs in the UK since December 2010.

The seasonally adjusted employee jobs total in Northern Ireland at September 2025 was 838,200, which was:

  • a decrease of 0.3% (2,190 jobs) over the quarter from the revised June 2025 estimate of 840,390; and
  • an increase of 1.0% (8,180 jobs) over the year from the revised September 2024 estimate of 830,010.
  • The changes over the quarter and over the year were not statistically significant.


4. Economic inactivity

4.1 LFS Economic inactivity

Economically inactive: People not in employment who have not been seeking work within the last 4 weeks and/or are unable to start work within the next 2 weeks.

Key findings

  • The NI economic inactivity rate increased over both the quarter and the year to 27.5%.
  • The most recent UK economic inactivity rate for August-October 2025 was estimated at 21.0%.

Figure 9: NI economic inactivity consistently above UK average

Seasonally adjusted economic inactivity rates (Aged 16 to 64), Aug-Oct 2010 to Aug-Oct 2025
Chart

Note: graph has a non-zero axis

Table
Date Northern Ireland United Kingdom
Aug-Oct 2010 28.8 23.3
Nov-Jan 2011 28.2 23.3
Feb-Apr 2011 27.5 23.5
May-Jul 2011 27.4 23.5
Aug-Oct 2011 27.2 23.3
Nov-Jan 2012 27.2 23.2
Feb-Apr 2012 27.7 23.1
May-Jul 2012 27.0 22.6
Aug-Oct 2012 26.9 22.7
Nov-Jan 2013 27.5 22.4
Feb-Apr 2013 27.2 22.6
May-Jul 2013 27.4 22.4
Aug-Oct 2013 27.5 22.3
Nov-Jan 2014 26.9 22.2
Feb-Apr 2014 27.0 22.1
May-Jul 2014 27.1 22.3
Aug-Oct 2014 27.1 22.3
Nov-Jan 2015 28.0 22.2
Feb-Apr 2015 27.2 22.2
May-Jul 2015 27.5 22.2
Aug-Oct 2015 26.9 21.9
Nov-Jan 2016 26.6 21.9
Feb-Apr 2016 25.9 21.9
May-Jul 2016 26.3 21.6
Aug-Oct 2016 25.9 21.7
Nov-Jan 2017 26.5 21.7
Feb-Apr 2017 27.2 21.6
May-Jul 2017 27.9 21.3
Aug-Oct 2017 28.7 21.6
Nov-Jan 2018 28.0 21.3
Feb-Apr 2018 27.7 21.1
May-Jul 2018 27.1 21.4
Aug-Oct 2018 27.8 21.1
Nov-Jan 2019 26.4 20.9
Feb-Apr 2019 26.2 20.9
May-Jul 2019 25.8 20.8
Aug-Oct 2019 25.8 20.9
Nov-Jan 2020 25.9 20.5
Feb-Apr 2020 27.9 21.0
May-Jul 2020 27.9 21.2
Aug-Oct 2020 27.2 21.4
Nov-Jan 2021 28.5 21.5
Feb-Apr 2021 28.3 21.7
May-Jul 2021 27.3 21.5
Aug-Oct 2021 28.7 21.6
Nov-Jan 2022 28.7 21.7
Feb-Apr 2022 28.1 21.8
May-Jul 2022 27.9 22.2
Aug-Oct 2022 26.6 21.9
Nov-Jan 2023 26.6 21.7
Feb-Apr 2023 26.3 21.4
May-Jul 2023 26.9 21.6
Aug-Oct 2023 25.9 21.9
Nov-Jan 2024 25.6 22.1
Feb-Apr 2024 25.7 22.2
May-Jul 2024 25.9 21.9
Aug-Oct 2024 26.6 21.7
Nov-Jan 2025 26.6 21.5
Feb-Apr 2025 26.9 21.3
May-Jul 2025 26.5 21.1
Aug-Oct 2025 27.5 21.0


Figure 9 shows that, over the last 15 years, economic inactivity in NI has been consistently higher than the UK average, with more variability in economic inactivity in NI than the UK. Economic inactivity in NI peaked during this time-period in late-2010 at almost 29%, compared to the lower peak in the UK rate of 23.5% in mid-2011.

During the period to 2019, the trend for both the UK and NI economic inactivity rates was generally downward. From the onset of the COVID pandemic, both UK and NI economic inactivity rates increased. Since early-2021 however, the trends have varied, whilst the UK rate has trended upwards until early 2024 with a downward trend since, the NI rate trended downwards until the start of 2024 with a general upward trend since. Over the last year, the economic inactivity rate in NI has seen an increase of 0.9pps, whilst the UK rate has seen a decrease of 0.7pps. The most recent economic inactivity rates for NI (27.5%) and the UK (21.0%) were 1.6pps and 0.5pps above their pre-pandemic equivalents in November-January 2020.

The NI economic inactivity rate (aged 16 to 64) for August-October 2025 was estimated at 27.5%, which was:

  • an increase of 1.0pps over the quarter (not statistically significant); and
  • an increase of 0.9pps over the year (not statistically significant).

The number of economically inactive people (age 16 and over) in NI was estimated at 636,000, which was:

  • up 20,000 from last quarter; and
  • up 22,000 from the same period last year.

Annual changes by sex (for those aged 16 to 64) showed:

  • an increase of 1.2pps over the year in the male economic inactivity rate to 23.8%; and
  • an increase of 0.6pps over the year in the female economic inactivity rate to 31.2%.

UK regional comparison:

  • The NI economic inactivity rate (aged 16 to 64) of 27.5% was 6.6pps above the most recent UK rate of 21.0%.
  • the highest of the twelve UK regions.

Please note that the following estimates are not adjusted for seasonality.

Reasons for inactivity:

  • In August-October 2025, the most common reason for economic inactivity among the working age population was ‘long-term sick’. There were 124,000 ‘long-term sick’, accounting for 37.5% of the total economically inactive (aged 16 to 64), or 10.4% of the working age population. This was a decrease of 2,000 (1.5%) from the same period last year.
  • Compared to the pre-pandemic figures in November-January 2020, there has been an increase in the number of ‘long-term sick’ (by 20,000), ‘student’ (by 13,000) and ‘retired’ (by 1,000), however the total for ‘family and home care’ has decreased by 5,000.

Inactivity by Age:

  • In August-October 2025, those aged 65 and over (307,000) made up the highest proportion (48.1%) of the total economically inactive (age 16 and over), with those aged 25 to 34 (39,000) making up the lowest proportion (6.1%) across the age groups.
  • Those aged 65 and over had the highest economic inactivity rate (88.8%), whilst those aged 25 to 34 had the lowest (16.7%). These rates are similar to the pre-pandemic rates in November-January 2020 (89.6% and 15.5% respectively).


5. Further Information

General Information

The Labour Market Report is a monthly overview of key labour market statistics for NI. It includes figures from the Labour Force Survey (LFS), claimant count, redundancies counts, and HMRC PAYE statistics. The LMR also contains an overview from the Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) in March, June, September and December. More information about the data sources can be found in the LMR Supplementary Document.

Comparison between data sources

Although the broad concepts are similar across sources contained within this release, differences in reference periods, definitions, and methodology exist which impact the interpretation of the statistics. Additional information can be found in the LMR supplementary document, including comparisons between:

  • LFS unemployment and experimental claimant count
  • LFS employment and the number of paid employees from HMRC PAYE RTI
  • LFS employment and QES employee jobs
  • HMRC PAYE RTI and Annual Survey of Hours and Earnings (ASHE)
  • Quarterly Employment Survey (QES) and HMRC PAYE RTI

More information is also available in the comparison of labour market data sources article by ONS.

Seasonal adjustment

All estimates discussed in this report are seasonally adjusted unless otherwise stated. Seasonal adjustment removes the effects of seasonal factors and the arrangement of the calendar and allows comparison over months or quarters.

Reporting change and sampling variability

Reported change is calculated using unrounded data and is presented to 1 decimal place. When a change is less than 0.05pps, it is rounded to 0.0pps and the data is reported as unchanged.

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is a sample survey. Estimates obtained from it are subject to sampling variability which means if we drew many samples, each would give a different result. The sampling variability of the Northern Ireland estimates can be found in Table 2.49 of the LFS monthly tables, published alongside this report on the NISRA website. We would expect that in 95% of samples the range would contain the true value.

Alternative release time

The NI Labour Market Report is released at 7am. This is an ‘alternative release time’ agreed by the Office for Statistics Regulation and differs from the standard 9.30am release time for the majority of statistical reports.

Labour Force Survey

Response rates

The methodology for determining the response rate for the NI LFS has been revised to follow the same methodology as that used in ONS. This allows for the comparability of the response rate against the UK.

The achieved sample size for the Northern Ireland Labour Force Survey during July to September 2025 was 2,039, a decrease of 10.6% from the same period last year.

Table 1: LFS Response rates, October-December 2021 to July to September 2025

Period NI Response Rate (%) UK Response Rate (%)
October-December 2021 28.2 26.6
January-March 2022 33.3 27.2
April-June 2022 43.3 27.8
July-September 2022 46.4 26.1
October-December 2022 47.4 23.6
January-March 2023 48.0 21.5
April-June 2023 47.4 19.6
July-September 2023 43.9 17.4
October-December 2023 41.9 18.8
January-March 2024 36.1 21.3
April-June 2024 33.2 23.1
July-September 2024 30.8 24.6
October-December 2024 31.1 24.4
January-March 2025 30.9 25.4
April-June 2025 29.7 26.8
July-September 2025 28.9 27.4

Please note, response rates are updated quarterly.

LFS revisions

LFS microdata are routinely revised to incorporate the latest population estimates. The latest reweighting was introduced in December 2024, affecting data from January-March 2019 to July-September 2024. An overview of the impact of reweighting on the NI estimates of unemployment, employment, and economic inactivity is available on the NISRA website. Previous reweightings occurred in October 2020, July 2021, June 2022 and February 2024.

LFS comparisons

Estimates of employment, unemployment, and economic inactivity are derived from the LFS. The most robust estimates of short-term movements in these estimates are obtained by comparing the estimates over separate three-month periods, commonly known as 3 month rolling averages. For example, estimates relating to August-October 2025 should be compared with the estimates for May-July 2025. This provides a more robust estimate than comparing with the estimates for July-September 2025, as the August and September data are included within both estimates. The LFS is sampled such that it is representative of the NI population over a three-month period, not for a single month period.

Suppression and shading

Estimates based on fewer than 3 events are suppressed to prevent disclosure. In tables, shading is used to draw attention to lower statistical quality/precision of estimates that are based on a smaller sample size. Shaded estimates still provide the best estimate of the size of a group but comparison across time or between groups with similar values should be avoided. Unshaded estimates are based on a larger sample size. This is likely to result in estimates of higher precision, although they will still be subject to some sampling variability.

Due to the small sample sizes and the effect this may have on the precision of the figures, estimates for long-term unemployment, youth unemployment and annual changes in unemployment by sex have not been included in this bulletin this month.

Claimant Count

Experimental claimant count

This measure is categorised as experimental as the statistics are in the testing phase and not yet fully developed. ONS have produced a useful guide to official statistics in development, and an FAQ document explaining the difference between the previous measure and this experimental measure is available on the changes to the claimant count page.

Claimant count revisions

Seasonally adjusted estimates are revised on a regular basis. Each month the previous estimate is revised in line with the current seasonal adjustment model, giving the best estimate of change for the latest period.

Also, a seasonal adjustment review takes place once a year. Typically, the last 3 years are revised and this takes the most recent year of data into account when determining the seasonal adjustment model. These revisions affect only the seasonally adjusted data.

Claimant count undercount correction note

A number of claims across the UK to the UC element of the Claimant Count were coded to incorrect locations for data relating to December 2018 to November 2019. This has been corrected for December 2019 onwards, but previous periods remain affected. The impact of the revision on NI for December 2019 was an increase of fewer than 1,000 cases.

Percentage of workforce

The number of claimants as a percentage of workforce jobs plus claimants. Workforce jobs are the sum of employee jobs, self-employment jobs, HM Forces, and government-supported trainees. This measure is only available at the NI level.

Redundancies

To prevent the potential identification of individual businesses, redundancy totals relating to fewer than 3 businesses are not disclosed. The Statistical Disclosure Control Policy is available on the NISRA website.

HMRC PAYE Real Time Information

Age breakdowns are published in January, April, July and October, and industry sector breakdowns published in February, May, August and November. Data are subject to revisions.

Further information on UK monthly pay, UK pay distribution, methodology, data source, collection, and coverage of PAYE RTI data, as well as information on imputation and revisions can be found on the Earnings and employment from PAYE page.

Quarterly Employment Survey

QES revisions

QES estimates are revised quarterly to reflect the latest information provided to the Department by employers. The June 2025 seasonally adjusted estimate published in September 2025 has been revised to 840,390 jobs (-3.0% or -2,350 jobs). For further details, please see the Quarterly Employment Survey revisions page.


The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency wishes to thank the participating households and businesses for their co-operation in agreeing to take part in the surveys and for facilitating the collection of the relevant data.


6. Contacts

For further information contact:

Labour Force Survey, Claimant Count, and Redundancies

Mark McFetridge
Email:

Quarterly Employment Survey

Cathy White
Email:

HMRC PAYE

Brian Grogan
Email:


Web: Labour Market and Social Welfare
Twitter / X: NISRA

Accredited Official Statistics logo

7. Accredited Official Statistics Status

These official statistics were independently reviewed by the Office for Statistics Regulation in August 2010 following a full assessment of Labour Market Statistics for Northern Ireland against the Code of Practice for Statistics. They comply with the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics and are therefore labelled as accredited official statistics. Accredited official statistics are called National Statistics in the Statistics and Registration Service Act 2007. For further information, please refer to the Office for Statistics Regulation accredited official statistics webpage.

As outlined above, our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR).

OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to.

You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards using the details in Section 6.

Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing or via the OSR website.