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Experience of culture, arts and heritage by adults in Northern Ireland
Findings from the Continuous Household Survey 2023/24

An Official Statistics publication
Published by: Analytics Division

Contact: Analytics Division
Email:
Tel: 028 9051 5424
Coverage: Northern Ireland
Frequency: Annual
Publication Date: 26 September 2024

Main Stories

  • In 2023/24, 87% of adults had engaged in some way with culture, arts and heritage.
  • Adults who have a disability (69%) were less likely to engage with the arts than adults who do not have a disability (85%).
  • A higher proportion of adults who lived in the least deprived areas (56%) have visited a museum or science centre than those who lived in the most deprived areas (28%) within the previous year.
  • In 2023/24, adults with dependants were more likely to have used the public library service (29%) compared to adults who do not have dependants (18%).
  • Relatively more adults living in urban areas had visited a place of historic interest than those living in rural areas within the previous year (68% and 57% respectively).
  • In 2023/24, a higher proportion of adults aged 45 and over used PRONI services in the last 12 months (6%) than those aged 44 and under (4%).
  • “I had fun”, “Improved my knowledge” and “Positive impact on my wellbeing”/ “Made me feel better about myself” were among the top benefits cited by adults who engaged with the arts, visited museums and science centres and used the public library service.

Introduction

Among other policy areas, the Department for Communities (DfC) is the lead department for arts and creativity, heritage, museums, libraries, public records and sports. This bulletin follows a headline bulletin released in July 2024 and brings together information on the experience of the arts, libraries, museums, heritage and PRONI.

Experience of culture, arts and heritage includes:

  • Engagement in the arts (includes both arts participation and arts attendance)
  • Usage of the public library service
  • Visits to museums and science centres
  • Visits to the Public Record Office of Northern Ireland
  • Visits to a place of historic interest

This report presents the findings from the 2023/24 Continuous Household Survey (CHS) in relation to experience of culture, arts and heritage in Northern Ireland. These findings are used to inform the development, monitoring and evaluation of policy. More information relating to the CHS, methodology, definitions and the interpretation of the figures can be found in the Definitions & technical notes section. Data tables are available in Excel and ODS format. The questions that were asked in the CHS 2023/24 are available here.

Note: Data collection for the 2023/24 CHS was carried out using a mix of telephone and face-to-face interviewing modes, a similar approach to that used in 2022/23. For 2020/21 and 2021/22 data collection was by telephone interviewing due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. There was also a reduction in the number of questions between 2020/21-2022/23. As a result, the figures from 2020/21 onwards are not directly comparable to previous years due to the significant changes to the survey in terms of methodology and content. More information is available on the NISRA website.

Lead statistician: Amy Lewis


Engagement in culture, arts and heritage

In 2023/24, just under nine in every ten adults in Northern Ireland (87%) had engaged in culture, arts and heritage at least once within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 85%. Women were more likely to have engaged in culture, arts and heritage within the previous year than men (90% and 85% respectively).

The proportions of adults who engaged with culture, arts and heritage generally decreased as age group increased, particularly beyond the 45-54 years age group.


Adults with a disability were less likely to have engaged with culture, arts and heritage compared to those without a disability (78% and 91% respectively). Also, adults living in a rural area (85%) were less likely to engage than those living in an urban area (89%).

Analysis by deprivation shows that adults living in the least deprived areas were more likely to have engaged in culture, arts and heritage than those living in the most deprived areas (94% and 82% respectively). There was also a difference in engagement rates between adults with dependants and those without dependants (93% and 84% respectively).

Engaged legend Deprivation


Gender

Women were more likely than men to have engaged in culture and the arts within the previous year (86% and 80% respectively). This difference has remained consistent over the entire trend period. Additionally, a higher proportion of women (90%) than men (85%) had engaged in culture, arts and heritage.


Deprivation

Adults who lived in the least deprived areas (91%) were more likely to have engaged in culture and the arts than those who live in the most deprived areas (76%). As with gender, this difference has remained consistent over the reporting period and there was also a difference for engagement in culture, arts and heritage (Least deprived:94%; Most deprived:82%).


Arts

Engagement in the arts

In 2023/24, four out of every five adults (80%) had engaged with the arts within the previous year, i.e. either participated in arts activities or attended arts events, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 77%. Women were more likely to have engaged with the arts compared with men (83% and 78% respectively).

Engaged legend- Male/Female


When looking at age group, there is a relationship between engagement in the arts and age, with engagement generally decreasing as age increases.


There were differences in the proportions of adults engaging in the arts when analysed by disability, deprivation and whether they live in urban or rural areas. Adults who do not have a disability (85%), those who live in the least deprived areas (89%) and those living in an urban area (82%) were more likely to engage with the arts than their respective counterparts, adults who have a disability (69%), live in the most deprived areas (73%) and live in rural areas (78%). However, analysis by religion shows no difference in the proportions of adults from Catholic and Protestant backgrounds who had engaged with the arts (both 79%).

Engaged legend Deprivation


Participation in arts activities

In 2023/24, three out of every ten adults (30%) participated in an arts activity at least once within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 28%. A higher proportion of women than men participated in arts activities (35% and 24% respectively).

Engaged legend- Male/Female


More adults from the Protestant community participated in arts activities within the previous year (32%) than those from the Catholic community (23%). Adults with a disability were more likely to have participated in the arts compared to adults without a disability (34% and 28% respectively).

Engaged legend- Male/Female

Further analysis of the 2023/24 data shows that there were differences in the proportions of adults participating in the arts with adults with dependants (28%) being less likely than those without (31%). In addition, adults living in the least deprived areas (37%) and those living in urban areas (31%) were more likely to participate in the arts than their respective counterparts, those living in the most deprived areas (25%) and those living in rural areas (28%) .


Types of arts activities

The five most popular arts activities that adults participated in within the previous year were: ‘Textile crafts such as embroidery, crocheting or knitting’ (10%), ‘Painting, drawing, printmaking or sculpture’ (9%), ‘Took photographs or made films or videos as an artistic activity’ (7%), ‘Sang or played a musical instrument to an audience or rehearsed for performance’ (7%) and ‘Wood crafts such as wood turning, carving and furniture making’ (4%).



Attendance at arts events

In 2023/24, just over three-quarters of adults (76%) had attended at least one arts event within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 71%. More women than men had attended an arts event within the previous year (78% and 75% respectively). There is a relationship between arts attendance and age, with attendance generally decreasing as age increases.


There were differences in the proportions of adults attending arts events when analysed by disability, having dependants, deprivation and whether they lived in an urban or rural area. Adults with a disability were less likely to attend an art event than adults without a disability (61% and 83% respectively), while a higher proportion of adults with dependants attended art events than those without dependants (83% and 72% respectively).

Futhermore, adults who lived in the least deprived areas were more likely to have attended an arts event (85%) than those who live in the most deprived areas (69%). In addition, those adults who lived in urban areas were more likely to have attended an arts event than those who lived in rural areas (78% compared to 74%).

Engaged legend Deprivation

The most popular arts events attended by adults over the previous year were ‘Film at cinema or other venue’ (57%), ‘A live music performance’ (39%), ‘Visited a national or local museum’ (36%) and ‘A play, drama other theatre performance’ (24%).

When adults who only attend a cinema are excluded from the analysis attendance at arts events reduces to 67%.



Benefits to engaging in the arts

Just under four out of every five adults (78%) who had engaged in the arts cited having fun as a benefit, while three out of five (60%) stated that it had a positive impact on their well-being as a main benefit. Other popular benefits cited include; ‘Enabled me to communicate with family / friends’ (27%), ‘Improved my knowledge’ (23%) and ‘I made new friends’ (18%). One out of every twenty adults (5%) felt that they ‘Did not feel any benefits’ from engaging in the arts.

When analysed by gender, women were more likely to cite ‘I enjoyed being creative’ as a benefit to engaging in the arts. Whilst men were more likely to cite ‘I made new friends’ as a benefit.



Gender

Women were more likely to have engaged with the arts within the previous year than men (83% and 78% respectively). This is a result of both their greater likelihood of having participated in an arts activity (35%) and having attended an arts event (78%) within the previous year than men (24% and 75% respectively). This has also been the case throughout the entire trend period with a higher proportion of women engaging with the arts than men year on year.


Age group

Generally speaking attendance at an arts event decreases with age. This is especially true beyond the 45-54 age group with lower proportions from successive age groups attending an arts event within the previous year. Adults aged 65 years and over have consistently been the least likely to have attended an arts events.



Looking at arts participation over the years shows no clear trend by age group, with around a third of all age groups having participated in the arts at least once within the previous year.


Museums and Science centres

In 2023/24, just under two-fifths of adults (39%) had visited a museum or science centre within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 32%.

While similar proportions of men and women had visited a museum or science centre within the previous year (39% and 40% respectively), there was a difference when analysed by age. Adults aged 45 and over (33%) were less likely to have visited a museum or science centre than those aged 44 and under (49%) within the previous year.

Engaged legend

There were also differences in the proportions of adults visiting a museum or science centre when analysed by religion, dependants and disability. Adults from a Protestant background were more likely to visit a museum or science centre than adults from a Catholic background (42% and 33% respectively). In addition, adults with dependants were more likely to have visited than adults without dependants (46% and 35% respectively). However, adults with a disability (31%) were less likely to visit a museum or science centre than those without a disability (43%).

Engaged legend

Analysis by area shows that adults who lived in the least deprived areas (56%) and those who lived in urban areas (42%) were more likely to have visited a museum or science centre than their respective counterparts, those who lived in the most deprived areas (28%) and those living in rural areas (35%).

Engaged legend Deprivation


Visited a NMNI museum

National Museums Northern Ireland (NMNI) has four museums across Northern Ireland. Just under a quarter of adults (24%) had been to a NMNI museum within the previous year an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 20%.

Similar proportions of men and women had visited a National Museum in 2023/24 (25% and 24% respectively). Adults aged 45 and over were less likely to have visited a national museum (19%) than those aged 44 and under (30%).

As with visits to museums and science centres as a whole, there were differences in the proportions of adults visiting a national museum when analysed by dependants, disability, deprivation and urban and rural areas. Adults with dependants were more likely to have visited a national museum in the past year than adults without dependants (28% and 22% respectively). However, adults with a disability were less likely to visit a national museum (19%) than adults without a disability (27%).

Adults living in the least deprived areas were more likely to have visited a national museum (38% compared to 18% for most deprived areas). Similarly, those living in urban areas were more likely to have visited a national museum (27% compared to 20% for rural areas).

Visited a local museum

In 2023/24, 22% of adults in Northern Ireland had visited a local museum at least once within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 14%.

There was no significant difference in the proportions of adults who visited a local museum within the previous year regarding gender or for those aged under and over 45 years.

When analysed by religion, dependants, disability and deprivation, there were differences in the proportions of adults visiting a local museum. Adults from a Protestant background were more likely to have visited a local museum than adults from a Catholic background (25% and 17% respectively). Similarly, those adults with dependants were more likely to have visited a local museum in the past year than adults without dependants (24% and 21% respectively).

In contrast, adults living in the most deprived areas (13%) and adults with a disability (18%) were less likely to have visited a local museum within the past year than their respective counterparts, adults from the least deprived areas (31%) and adults without a disability (24%).

Visited a science centre

Over one in ten of adults (13%) had visited a science centre at least once within the within the previous year, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 11%. Women were more likely to have visited a science centre than men (15% and 12% respectively). In addition, adults aged 45 and over were less likely to have visited a science centre (6%) than those aged 44 and under (25%).

Further analysis showed differences in the proportions of adults visiting a science centre in relation to dependants, disability, deprivation and urban and rural areas. Adults with dependants were more likely to have visited a science centre in the past year than adults without dependants (22% and 7% respectively). However, adults with a disability were less likely to have visited a science centre than those who do not have a disability (10% and 15% respectively).

Analysis by area showed that adults living in the least deprived areas were more likely to have visited a science centre (17% compared to 9% for most deprived areas). Futhermore, those living in urban areas were more likely to have visited a science centre compared to those living in rural areas (14% and 12% respectively).

Reasons for visiting a museum or science centre

Two-fifths of adults (40%) cited having a ‘general interest in the subject of the museum/collection’ and ‘something to interest the children’ as reasons for visiting a museum or science centre. A third of adults (33%) said they visited a museum or science centre ‘to see a specific exhibition/display’.

When analysed by gender, men were more likely to have expressed a ‘general interest in the subject of the museum/collection’ or ‘to see a specific exhibition/display’ as a reason for visiting. Women were more likely to have visited for the purposes of ‘something to interest the children’ and ‘to take part in a creative activity’.



Benefits experienced from visiting a museum or science centre

Around three out of every five adults who had visited a museum or science centre in the last year cited ‘I had fun’ (61%) and ‘Improved my knowledge’ (59%) as benefits of their visit. Futhermore, around three in every ten adults cited that the visit had ‘helped me to teach my children’ (32%) and ‘made me feel better about myself’ (28%). Just over a fifth of adults (22%) said it ‘enabled me to communicate with family/friends’. However, 3% of adults stated that they felt no benefits from having visited a museum or science centre in the last year.

Looking at the differences in gender, women were more likely than men to have said ‘I had fun’ and that it ‘helped me to teach my children’, as the main benefits of visiting a museum or science centre. However, men were more likely to cite that it ‘improved mental health’ as a benefit.



Visits to museums and science centres

In 2023/24, the number of adults visiting a museum or science centre had increased compared to 2022/23 (39% and 32% respectively). There was also an increase in adults visiting a NMNI museum (24%), local museum (22%) and science centre (13%) within the last 12 months compared to 2022/23 (20%, 14% and 11% respectively).


Note: In 2019/20, the questions on visits to museums were revised to include a question to estimate the length of time from the last visit to a museum. As a result of the inclusion of this question, figures for visits to museums in 2019/20 are not comparable with previous years.

Libraries

Used the public library service

In 2023/24, 23% of the adult population had used the public library service at least once within the previous year, similiar to the 2022/23 figure of 22%.

Women were more likely to have used the public library service than men (27% and 18% respectively). Similarly, adults aged 44 and under were more likely to have used the public library service (30%) than those aged 45 and over (17%).

There were no differences in the use of public library services when comparing those living in either urban or rural areas, however there were differences when analysing by dependants, disability and deprivation. Adults with dependants were more likely to have used the public library service (29%) compared to adults who do not have dependants (18%). In contrast, adults with a disability were less likely to have used the public library service than those without a disability (18% and 24% respectively).

Furthermore, adults living in the least deprived area were more likely to have used the public library service than those living in the most deprived areas (26% and 21% respectively).

Frequency of use of the public library service

Just over one in every ten adults (11%) used the public library service once a month or more within the last year, while just over three-quarters of all adults in Northern Ireland (77%) had not used the public library service at all within the last year.



Benefits of using the public library service

Half of all adults (50%) who had used the public library service in the last year cited ‘improved my knowledge’ as a benefit. Just over two-fifths of adults (42%) said that they had ‘learned something’, over a quarter said ‘I had fun’ (28%), and just under a quarter said that it ‘made me feel better about myself’ (23%). However, 4% of adults stated that they felt no benefits from using the public library service in the last year.

Looking at the differences in gender, women were more likely than men to have said ‘I had fun’, ‘helped me meet other people/feel less isolated’ and ‘helped me make new friends’ as benefits of using the public library service.



Aware of online services offered by the public library service

Just under three-quarters of adults (73%) were aware of the ability to borrow/renew books as an online service offered by the public library service. Following this, just over two-fifths of adults (42%) were aware of being able to download free eBooks/EAudiobooks. Around three in every ten respondents said they were aware of downloading free eMagazines (30%) and downloading free eNewspapers (29%) as an online service. However, nearly a quarter of adults (24%) reported not being aware of any of the listed online services offered by the public library service.


Satisfaction with Public Library Service

In 2023/24, two-thirds of adults (66%) were satisfied with public library service in Northern Ireland. Only 2% stated that they were dissatisfied. Just under one third of the adult population (32%) stated that they were ‘neither satisfied nor dissatisfied’ with public library service in Northern Ireland.

Satisfaction with public library service was greater among adults who had used the public library service within the previous year (94%) than it was among adults who had not used the public library service within the previous year (57%).



Visited a public or mobile library

In 2023/24, just over one in every seven adults (16%) had visited a public or mobile library.

Almost three-fifths (59%) of those adults who had visited a public or mobile library had travelled a distance of less than 2 miles. Just under a quarter (24%) had travelled a distance of 2 miles or more but less than 5 miles whilst the remaining fifth (18%) reported travelling a distance of 5 miles or more to visit a public or mobile library.



Just over three-fifths of adults (61%) who had visited a public or mobile library travelled by car, whilst a third of adults (33%) visited by foot. Other methods of travel used to visit a public or mobile library include public transport (4%) or by bicycle (1%).



Reading books

When asked in what format they read books, just under two-thirds of adults (65%) said they read a traditional paper book. In addition over a quarter (27%) reported reading eBooks and just under one in every ten adults (9%) cited an eAudiobook. Just under a quarter of adults (23%) reported not reading books.




Just under two-thirds of adults (64%) said reading helped them to relax, whilst a third of adults (33%) said reading books helped them sleep. Around three in every ten adults said reading helped them to feel better (30%) or helped them to concentrate (29%). Only 5% of adults said reading books did not help them in any of the ways listed.


Gender and use of the public library service

Women were more likely to have used the public library service within the previous year than men (27% and 18% respectively). This has also been the case throughout the entire trend period with a higher proportion of women using the public library service than men year on year.


PRONI

In 2023/24, 5% of adults had used PRONI services within the previous year, the same as the 2022/23 figure. Use of PRONI services includes visiting PRONI, the use of the PRONI website to access the online catalogue or other applications, contacting PRONI by email to request information and engaging with PRONI through social media or viewing a PRONI exhibition at another public building.

In 2023/24, adults aged 45 and over were more likely to have used PRONI services (6%) than those aged 44 and under (4%) in the last 12 months. There were also differences when analysed by dependants and deprivation. Adults with dependants were less likely to have used PRONI services compared to those without dependants (6% and 4% respectively). Similarly, adults living in the most deprived areas were less likely to have used PRONI services compared to adults living in the least deprived areas (2% and 8% respectively).

PRONI services used

In 2023/24, 2% of adults reported they had used the PRONI website or engaged with PRONI through social media, visited PRONI, or contacted PRONI by correspondence or email to request information. In addition, 1% of adults had also engaged with PRONI in some other way. The majority of respondents had not used any of PRONI services (95%).

Frequency of use of PRONI services

When asked how often they have used PRONI services over the previous year, respondents had cited using PRONI services ‘less often than once a month but at least 3 or 4 times a year’ (1%), ‘twice in the last 12 months’ (1%) or ‘once in the last 12 months’ (2%).

Engaged legend Deprivation


Heritage

Visited a place of historic interest

In 2023/24, 64% of adults in Northern Ireland had visited a place of historic interest, an increase on the 2022/23 figure of 59%.

While there was no difference in the proportions of men and women who had visited a place of historic within the previous year (both 64%), there was a difference when analysed by age. Adults aged 44 and under were more likely to have visited a place of historic interest (67%) than those aged 45 and over (62%).

There were further differences in the proportions of adults visiting a place of historic interest when analysed by religion, dependants and disability. A higher proportion of adults from the Protestant community had visited a place of historic interest within the previous year (69%) than those from the Catholic community (55%).

Similarly, adults with dependants were more likely to have visited a place of historic interest (69%) compared to adults who do not have dependants (60%). In contrast, adults with a disability were less likely to have visited a place of historic interest than those without a disability (56% and 67% respectively).

Engaged legend Deprivation

Analysis by deprivation level showed that adults living in the least deprived area were more likely to have visited a place of historic interest than those living in the most deprived areas (80% and 51% respectively). In addition, those living in urban areas were more likely to have visited a place of historic interest than those living in a rural area (68% and 57% respectively).

Engaged legend Deprivation

Heritage sites visited

More than two-fifths of adults had visited a city or town with historic character (45%) or a historic park or garden open to the public (41%). Just over a quarter of adults (26%) had visited a monument such as a castle, fort or ruin, whilst a fifth (20%) had visited a historic building open to the public.



Frequency of visits to a heritage site

Just over a fifth of adults (22%) said they visited a place of historic interest less often than once a month but at least 3 or 4 times a year. Around one in every ten adults said they visited a heritage site either less often than once a week but at least once a month (13%), twice in the last year (12%) or once in the last year (11%). Only 5% visited a place of historic interest at least once a week.


Definitions & technical notes

Continuous Household Survey

The Continuous Household Survey is a Northern Ireland wide household survey administered by Central Survey Unit, Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. The sample for this survey consists of a systematic random sample of 8,940 addresses selected from the Land and Property Service’s list of private addresses. The findings reported for 2023/24 are based on 4,927 respondents, aged 16 and over.

Note: Data collection for the 2023/24 CHS was carried out using a mix of telephone and face-to-face interviewing modes, a similar approach to that used in 2022/23. For 2020/21 and 2021/22 data collection was by telephone interviewing due to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. There was also a reduction in the number of questions between 2020/21-2022/23. As a result, the figures from 2020/21 onwards are not directly comparable to previous years due to the significant changes to the survey in terms of methodology and content. More information is available on the NISRA website.

Weighting the Continuous Household Survey

Analysis of the culture, arts and heritage modules of the CHS have been weighted for non-response. A chi square goodness-of-fit test showed that the CHS sample (4,927) was not representative of the population by age and sex when compared with the 2022 Mid Year Estimates for Northern Ireland (NISRA 31 August 2023). As a result, separate weights were produced for age, sex and age and sex combined.

Non-response weighting sometimes increases standard errors, although the impact tends to be fairly small, i.e. the adjustment may be less or greater than 1, but will generally be reasonably close to 1. In the case of the culture, arts and sport modules of the CHS, the values of the adjustment for all three weighting systems are so close to one, it is not necessary to take account of this in the calculation of standard error and confidence intervals.

While weighting for non-response (also called post-stratification) should reduce bias, it must be acknowledged that it will not eliminate bias. The reasons individuals choose to take part in surveys are complex and depend on lots of factors specific to the individual. As a result, the non-response biases in surveys are likely to be complex. Post-stratification works on the assumption that, by aligning the survey to the population along a small number of dimensions such as age, gender and MDM, many of these complex biases will reduce. However, it would be misleading to suggest that they will be eliminated.

Statistical significance in this report

Any statements in this report regarding differences between groups are statistically significant at the 95% confidence level. This means that we can be 95% confident that the differences between groups are actual differences and have not just arisen by chance. The base numbers, sizes of percentages (relating to low self-efficacy and loneliness) or variance of scores (relating to wellbeing) have an effect on statistical significance. Therefore on occasion, a difference between two groups may be statistically significant while the same difference in percentage points or mean score between two other groups may not be statistically significant. The reason for this is because the larger the base numbers or the closer the percentages are to 0 or 100 or the smaller the variance in scores, the smaller the standard errors. This leads to increased precision of the estimates which increases the likelihood that the difference between the proportions or mean scores is actually significant and has not just arisen by chance.

Official Statistics

Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR). OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to. Contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards - email:analyticsdivision@communities-ni.gov.uk. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing regulation@statistics.gov.uk or via the OSR website.

Other notes

The following should be noted when interpreting figures and tables:

  • Percentages less than 0.5% are denoted by ‘0’ and where there are no responses, they are denoted by ‘-’.
  • Percentages may not add to 100% due to rounding.
  • Percentages may not add to 100% for questions where multiple responses are allowed.
  • Detailed tabulations are not provided where the number of respondents is too small to allow meaningful analysis.
  • The base number of responses to each question, which is shown in each table, is the unweighted count. The base may vary due to some respondents not answering certain questions.