Key Facts

• Northern Ireland had 312 active GP (General Practitioner) practices. This was a reduction of 5 compared to 2023 and a reduction of 38 (10.9%) since 2014.

• There were 1,454 GPs (excluding Locums). Of these, 60% were female and 40% were male, a notable shift in gender profile since 2014 (46% female, 54% male).

• A total of 2,055,000 individuals were registered with a GP practice. During 2023/24 there were approximately 52,000 new patient registrations and 41,000 patients transferred between NI GP practices.

• BSO processed £347.1m of payments towards overall cost of GP services in Northern Ireland. This was an average payment of £169 per registered patient, over a third more than in 2017/18.


1. GP Practice Statistics

This section contains basic summary statistics on GP Practices including number of practices and their distribution geographically and proximity for patients. Where a practice is split over more than one site the location of the primary practice is used for analysis.

1.1 Number of GP practices

There were 312 GP practices in Northern Ireland on 31 March 2024 note 1. This is a reduction of 5 practices since 2023 and a reduction of 38 (10.9%) since 2014. The change in the number of practices is as a result of closures, as well as mergers (where practices have combined).

Belfast Local Government District (LGD) has the largest number of GP practices at the end of March 2024 (74) while Lisburn and Castlereagh LGD has the smallest number (15).

Figure 1.1: Number of GP practices by Local Government District (LGD), 31st March 2014 and 31 March 2024

Only one LGD has maintained its number of GP Practices since 2014 (Causeway Coast and Glens). All others have shown a proportionate decrease ranging from 5.4% in Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon to 29.6% in Fermanagh and Omagh.

At Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust) level, Western had the largest proportionate decrease in GP practices between 2014 and 2024 (17.5%). The smallest decrease in GP practices during this period is in the Southern LCG (6.6%). For further information see Annex Table 3.1

Note 1:

Figures presented are as at 31st March and include only those practices which will be open on 1st April.

1.2 GP practices per 100,000 population

Clearly the number of registered patients in any given LGD will have an influence on the service required. Figure 1.2 presents the number of GP practices per 100,000 registered patients in order to provide a better indication of service provision. Note, however, this does not take account of the different age profiles or levels of morbidity across areas which will also impact on service requirements. It should also be noted that GP practices vary in size and number of live GP contracts associated with them. Similarly, GP contract headcounts may not be comparable as they do not take account of individual work patterns.

Figure 1.2: GP practices per 100,000 registered patients, by Local Government District (LGD), 31 March 2024

Map of Northern Ireland shaded by GP Practices per 100,000 population in each Local Government District. More detail on the trends are included in the text directly above or below the map

Newry, Mourne and Down LGD has the highest number of GP practices per 100,000 registered patients (17.4), almost one and a half times the number in Antrim and Newtownabbey LGD (11.7). However, when considering the number of GPs per 100,000 registered patients, Newry, Mourne and Down has 63.5 compared with 72.6 in Antrim and Newtownabbey meaning that, in general, GP practices in Antrim and Newtownabbey are larger and have more GPs operating out of them. For further information on the average number of GPs per practice and the number of GP practices per 100,000 see Annex Tables 4.5 and 5.2

At GP Federation level, North Belfast had the highest number of GP practices per 100,000 population (19.3), followed by East Belfast, (18.2). The number of GP practices per 100,000 population has decreased across all GP Federations since 2017 with a reduction of 12.1% at Northern Ireland level during this time. This decrease across GP Federations ranges from 29.5% in Ards to 3.0% in Causeway. For further information see Annex Table 5.3

1.3 Distance to nearest GP practice

At Northern Ireland level, 97.6% of the population [note 2] live within five miles of a GP practice. At least 88.0% of the population live within a three mile radius of a GP practice; with the more urban LGDs (Belfast, Antrim and Newtownabbey, Lisburn and Castlereagh and Ards and North Down) showing upwards of 92.0%.

Figure 1.3: Average distance to nearest GP practice by Local Government District (LGD), 31 March 2024

Map of Northern Ireland shaded by average distance to nearest GP Practice (miles) in each Local Government District. More detail on the trends are included in the text directly above or below the map

GP registration data were analysed using Northern Ireland multiple deprivation measure (NIMDM) quintiles where 1 represents the most deprived areas and 5 represents the least deprived areas.

Figure 1.4 shows that patients from the most deprived (0.8 miles) and least deprived (0.9 miles) deprivation quintiles lived closest to a GP practice on average, while those in the middle quintile (1.8 miles) lived furthest away on average. These findings may be influenced by the often urban location of GP practices typically characterised by areas of high and low deprivation.

Figure 1.4: Population weighted average distance to nearest GP practice, by deprivation quintile, 31 March 2024

Multiple Deprivation Measure (MDM) 2017 Average distance to nearest GP practice (miles)
Quintile 1 Most Deprived 0.8
Quintile 2 1.5
Quintile 3 1.8
Quintile 4 1.5
Quintile 5 Least Deprived 0.9
Northern Ireland 1.3

For average distances to nearest GP practice by Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust), Local Government District, and, deprivation quintile detail refer to Annex Tables 7.1, 7.2 and 7.3

Note 2:

Population is defined as active GP registration person counts at postcode level at 31 March 2024. Distance is calculated as the straight line distance between the centroids of the population home postcode to the postcode of the nearest GP practice.


2. GP Workforce

This section contains basic summary statistics on GP Practitioners (GP) (excluding Locums) including number, age and gender and patients per GP Practitioner. GP figures presented are headcount and do not reflect different working patterns individual GPs may operate. Age data is unavailable for a small number of GPs meaning average age figures and proportions in each age group are based on those where age is known.

2.1 GPs by gender and age profile

There were 1,454 active GPs (headcount) across Northern Ireland at 31 March 2024. This is a 0.4% increase in the number of GPs since 2023 and a 23.2% increase since 2014. It should be noted that not all GPs work full-time hours so changes in headcount may not reflect the change in full time equivalent GPs.

While quality-assured working patterns are currently unavailable for active GPs, unpublished management information, sourced from the Northern Ireland Medical and Dental Training Agency (NIMDTA), providing an analysis of GP appraisals up to the 2022/23 year (latest available) would tend to suggest that the 23% increase in headcount was not replicated in terms of full-time equivalent (FTE) GPs. Instead, it reflects a fairly stable FTE position in respect of GP Partners and salaried GPs until 2018/19, followed by a reduction of more than 5% between 2018/19 and 2021/22 before rising again by almost 10% between 2021/22 and 2022/23. It is important to bear in mind, however, that this self-reported information is largely unvalidated - alternative methodologies may have been used to produce the analysis at different points in the series, a small proportion of GPs may not have undergone appraisal and the use of locums to provide GP sessions may not be fully captured. That said, it does highlight the need for users to exercise caution when making comparisons, particularly across time, based purely on headcount figures alone.

In terms of gender profile of GPs, 60.0% are female and 40.0% are male. Figure 2.1 shows that since 2014 there has generally been a gradual downward trend in the number of male GPs with a steeper increase in the number of female GPs.

The number of male GPs is 10.6% lower than in 2014, while the number of female GPs has increased to approaching two thirds more (63.7%) during the same period.

Figure 2.1: Number of GPs in NI by gender, 2014 to 2024

The changing demographics of the GP workforce are reflected in Figure 2.2. Over half of GPs in the 55-59 and 60+ age-groups are male, while there are significantly more female GPs in the younger age groups.

The 25-39 age band is made up of 31.3% male and 68.7% female GPs. As age increases, so does the percentage of male GPs until the oldest age bracket (60+) where the figures are more than reversed at 65.3% male and 34.7% female.

Almost two fifths of female GPs (37.2%) are in the 25-39 age band compared to just over a quarter of male GPs (25.9%). Conversely only 4.9% of female GPs are aged 60 and over compared to 14.0% of male GPs.

Figure 2.2: GPs in Northern Ireland by age and gender, 31 March 2024

The average age of Northern Ireland GPs is 45 years old. At GP Federation level, average age ranges from 43 years old in Ards and Craigavon to 50 years old in South West.

The GP Federation with the highest proportion of GPs aged 55 and over is South West where just over one third (35.8%) of GPs are in this age group. Down has the next highest proportion of GPs aged 55 and over (30.9%) followed by West Belfast (28.4%).

Ards, Craigavon, East Antrim, East Belfast, Lisburn, Mid-Ulster and North Down GP Federations have a lower proportion of GPs aged 55 and over than the Northern Ireland average of 19.8%.

Figure 2.3: Number of GPs in Northern Ireland, by GP Federation, 31 March 2024

Figure 2.4: Percentage of GPs over 55 in Northern Ireland, by GP Federation, 31 March 2024

2.2 GPs per head of population

Belfast LGD has the largest number of GPs (348) and registered patients [note 3] (439,070). Fermanagh and Omagh LGD has the smallest number of GPs (67) while Lisburn and Castlereagh LGD has the fewest registered patients (122,783). Figure 2.5 presents the number of GPs per 100,000 registered patients.

Mid and East Antrim LGD has the highest number of GPs per 100,000 registered patients (85.1), almost 60% higher than the number in Fermanagh and Omagh LGD (53.5) which had the lowest. The Northern Ireland average is 70.8 GPs per 100,000 registered patients (or 1 GP for every 1,413 registered patients). Again, this analysis takes no account of varying levels of full and part-time working by GPs across areas which may, in part, help explain some of the differences.

Figure 2.5 GPs per 100,000 registered patients, by Local Government District (LGD), 31 March 2024

map of NI Local government districts and number of GPs per 100,000 patients. Trends described in text above.

Note 3:

Patients may not necessarily reside in the same LGD as the GP practice to which they are registered.


3. Registered Patients

This section contains basic summary statistics on registered patients including new patient registrations during 2023/24.

3.1 Total registered patients

There were a total of 2,054,918 individuals on the index of patients registered with a GP practice at 31 March 2024. [note 4]

At 31 March 2024, Belfast Local Government District [note 5] had the highest number of patients registered with GP practices within its boundary (439,070) and is almost 90% higher than the next highest LGD (Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon: 231,448). Lisburn and Castlereagh had the smallest number of GP registered patients (122,783).

Figure 3.1: Registered patients, by Local Government District (LGD), 31 March 2024

At GP Federation level, Derry has, by a considerable margin, the highest number of registered patients (210,022), while Down (79,619), Mid-Ulster (81,340) and Ards (82,099) have the smallest numbers. All GP Federations have seen patient numbers grow by 1% or less when compared to 2023. For further information see Annex Table 1.3

Figure 3.2: Registered patients, by GP Federation, 31 March 2024

Note 4:

There are differences between the figures for GP registered patients and the NI residential population. For more detail see Data Quality Summary in the Technical Notes section at the end of this report.

Note 5:

Patients may not necessarily reside in the same LGD as the GP practice to which they are registered.

3.2 Patients registering with a GP practice during 2023/24

During the 2023/24 financial year, GP practices in Northern Ireland registered 92,926 patients. This comprised 51,860 new patients (first time registrations in NI) and 41,066 patients transferring from another Northern Ireland GP practice.

Figure 3.3 shows the trend in registrations since 2014. The drop in registrations during 2017/2018 may be explained by the introduction of a new registration form. Issues with this new form resulted in a backlog building up in 2017/2018 that was relieved in 2018/2019 leading to the 2018/2019 figure being slightly higher than expected. A further significant drop can be observed during 2020/2021, in large part driven by the impact of Covid-19 on registration services and population movement, with activity returning to expected levels since.

Figure 3.3: Total GP registrations (new and within Northern Ireland transfers), 2014/15 to 2023/24

Practices in the South Belfast GP Federation registered the largest number of patients (10,006) during 2023/24. This is despite South Belfast being only the 8th largest GP Federation in terms of patient numbers. However, this may in part be explained by registration of students who transferred to another GP Practice as a result of moving address, as the area served by this GP Federation contains a lot of student accommodation. Aside from South Belfast, the number of registrations in a GP Federation is broadly proportionate to the number of registered patients in that Federation.

The GP Federation that registered the second highest number of patients (7,675) was East Antrim, which is the third largest in terms of patient numbers (153,553). Derry, which is the largest GP Federation in terms of patient numbers (210,022) registered the third largest number of patients (7,191). West Belfast (2,980) and Mid-Ulster (3,023) registered the smallest number of patients during 2023/24. West Belfast is the fifth smallest GP Federation in terms of the number of registered patients, while Mid-Ulster is the second smallest.

Figure 3.4: Total GP registrations (new and within Northern Ireland transfers), by GP Federation, 2023/24

3.3 Non UK Nationals registering with a GP practice during 2023/24

At Northern Ireland level, approximately one quarter (26.3%) of first time GP registrations during 2023/24 were non-UK Nationals. Since 2018/19 the proportion of first time GP registrations who were non-UK nationals ranged from 22.2% in 2020/21 (potentially related to the impact of Covid-19) to 35.6% during 2022/23.

At Northern Ireland level, almost two fifths (37.8%) of all non-UK National first time registrations during 2023/24 were with a GP practice in Belfast LGD. At LGD level, the proportion of first time registrations attributable to non-UK Nationals ranged from 34.9% in Belfast to 17.3% in Lisburn and Castlereagh.

Figure 3.5: New (first time in NI) GP registrations by UK Nationals and non-UK Nationals, by Local Government District (LGD), 2023/24


4. BSO Payments towards GP Services

This section contains basic summary statistics on payments processed by BSO towards the overall cost of GP services in Northern Ireland.

4.1 BSO payments by Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust)

During 2023/24, BSO processed £347.1m of payments towards the overall cost of GP services in Northern Ireland.

Figure 4.1 presents BSO payment towards GP services by Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust). At £80.4 million, GP practices located in the Northern Local Commissioning Group received the highest payment towards GP services. GP practices located in South Eastern received the lowest payment towards GP services (£57.5 million).

The average BSO payment towards GP services per registered patient for 2023/24 was £169, an increase of £6 per patient since 2022/23.

At Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust) level, the highest average payment towards GP services per registered patient was £178 in Western while the lowest was £160 in Southern.

Figure 4.1: BSO payments towards GP services, by Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust) of GP practice in receipt of payment, 2023/24

Local Commissioning Group (Health Trust) Payment towards GP services (£ millions) Average payment per patient (£)
South Eastern 57.5 168
Western 60.3 178
Southern 70.0 160
Belfast 78.8 176
Northern 80.4 165
Northern Ireland 347.1 169

Factors that can influence variation in payment towards GP services per patient include age profile of patients, additional services available, level of deprivation, rent and rates variation, locum use, trial programs etc.

4.2 BSO payments by Local Government District

Figure 4.2 presents BSO payment towards GP services by Local Government District (LGD). GP practices located in the Belfast LGD, which comprises more than one fifth of Northern Ireland’s registered patients, received the highest payment towards GP services (£76.9 million), more than twice the amount received by the next highest recipients (GP practices located in Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon: £37.3m). At £19.1m, practices located in Lisburn and Castlereagh, the LGD with the smallest number of registered patients, received the lowest payment towards GP services.

In terms of payment per registered patient, the highest amount was £185 per registered patient in Derry City and Strabane while the lowest was £156 in Lisburn and Castlereagh. GP practices located in Antrim and Newtownabbey saw the largest increase in payment per patient from 2022/23 (6.7%) while those in Derry City & Strabane experienced the smallest increase in payment per patient (2.2%). Mid and East Antrim (-3.7%) were the only GP Practices to see a reduction in payment per patient from 2022/23, a notable shift from the previous year when all LGDs experienced a reduction in payment per patient.

Figure 4.2: BSO payments towards GP services, by Local Government District (LGD) of GP practice in receipt of payment, 2023/24

Local Government District Payment towards GP services (£ m) Average payment per patient (£)
Lisburn and Castlereagh 19.1 156
Fermanagh and Omagh 21.3 170
Antrim and Newtownabbey 21.8 160
Mid and East Antrim 23.1 157
Mid Ulster 26.0 162
Causeway Coast and Glens 27.4 180
Ards and North Down 27.9 167
Derry City and Strabane 32.8 185
Newry, Mourne and Down 33.5 171
Armagh City, Banbridge and Craigavon 37.3 161
Belfast 76.9 175
Northern Ireland 347.1 169

4.3 BSO payments by GP Federation

Figure 4.3 presents BSO payment towards GP services by GP Federation. Given the Derry GP Federation has the largest number of registered patients, it is unsurprising that GP practices located here also recorded the highest total payment towards GP services (£38.3m). At £192, the West Belfast GP Federation recorded the highest average payment per registered patient during 2023/24, followed by Down (£186) with Derry (£183) the next highest.

GP practices located in the Mid-Ulster (£13.4m) and North Down (£13.6m) GP Federations received the lowest total BSO payment towards GP services during 2023/24. Practices located in the Craigavon (£152) and Lisburn (£153) GP Federations, recorded the lowest average payment per registered patient during the financial year.

Figure 4.3: BSO payments towards GP services, by GP Federation of GP practice in receipt of payment, 2023/24

GP Federation Payment towards GP services (£ m) Average payment per patient (£)
Mid-Ulster 13.4 164
North Down 13.6 160
Ards 14.3 175
Down 14.8 186
Lisburn 14.8 153
West Belfast 17.8 192
Causeway 19.9 181
East Belfast 20.1 174
South Belfast 20.1 159
North Belfast 20.8 182
Craigavon 21.5 152
South West 22.0 171
Antrim Ballymena 22.1 162
Armagh & Dungannon 23.1 165
East Antrim 24.0 156
Newry & District 26.5 164
Derry 38.3 183
Northern Ireland 347.1 169


5. General Medical Services UK Comparisons

This section contains General Medical Services comparisons with other UK nations. Data for GPs reflect what is reported at Northern Ireland level i.e. headcount and includes Unrestricted Principals or Equivalents (UPEs), Salaried GPs and Retainers.

5.1 GPs by gender UK comparisons

Like Northern Ireland, the gender profiles of GPs in England, Scotland and Wales are majority female. The proportion of GPs that are female ranges from 62% in Scotland to 57% in Wales. It should be noted that proportions are calculated using headcount meaning individual work patterns are not reflected.

Figure 5.1: GPs by gender UK comparisons, 2023/24

5.2 GPs per head of population UK Comparisons

Scotland has the highest headcount number of GPs per 100,000 registered patients (74.6) followed by Northern Ireland (70.8). Wales had 61.9 GPs per 100,000 registered patients while England had the lowest ratio at 57.0.

Figure 5.2: GPs per 100,000 registered patients, 2023/24

5.3 GP practices per head of population UK comparisons

Northern Ireland (15.2) has the most GP practices per 100,000 registered patients followed by Scotland (15.0) and then Wales (11.5) with England (10.0) having the fewest. GP practices vary in size and number of live GP contracts associated with them. This means comparisons using this measure have to be treated with a degree of caution.

Figure 5.3: GP practices per 100,000 registered patients, 2023/24