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Key Points

  • There were more vacancies in November 2025 than in the previous year, with 1,836 teacher vacancies at the end of the academic year 2024/25, 1,392 (75.8%) of which had been filled by November 2025 (when the survey was carried out).

  • The average number of days lost per teacher due to sickness, in all schools in 2025/26 was 10.2. This represents an increase of 0.8 days from 2024/25.

  • Teacher substitution costs have increased from £112.1 million in 2024/25 to £131.1 million in 2025/26.

  • The number of substitution days worked by Prematurely Retired Teachers has risen from 1,403 days in 2024/25 to 2,336 days in 2025/26. This represents 0.3% of the total days worked, compared to 1.7% in 2016/17.


Introduction

The purpose of this statistical bulletin is to provide analysis of the latest annual data collections relating to teacher vacancies, teacher sickness absence (excluding voluntary grammar) and teacher substitution (excluding voluntary grammar) in grant-aided schools in 2025/26.

The information collected throughout this process is used by policy branches within the Department of Education to inform education workforce policy. The data are also used to respond to Assembly questions.

All figures referred to are included in the main body of the text. All tables can be downloaded as excel or csv files in the section List of tables.

Section 1: Teacher Vacancies

Figure 1 - Filled and unfilled vacancies by school type November 2025

  • Figure 1 shows the total number of teacher vacancies at the end of 2024/25 and the proportions which were filled or unfilled by November 2025. There were 1,836 teacher vacancies at the end of the academic year 2024/25, 1,392 (75.8%) of which had been filled by November 2025. This compares with 1,382 of 1,742 (79.3%) vacancies filled the year previous.

  • There was a larger proportion of unfilled vacancies in nursery, primary and preparatory departments of grammar schools than in post primary schools.

  • The highest proportion of unfilled vacancies was in Special schools, with 48.9% of vacancies unfilled by November 2025.

Section 2. Teacher Sickness Absence

The level of sickness absence during 2020/21 may have been affected by school closures due to COVID-19 and because COVID-19 related absences were being recorded separately and not included within sickness absence on the Teachers’ Pay and Pensions System for most of the year. Figures for 2021/22 do include sickness absences due to COVID-19 but do not include absences due to the 10 day isolation period for COVID-19 or any other COVID-19 related absence. See note 12 in notes to readers.

Figure 2 - Average number of days lost due to sickness per teacher 2025/26

  • Figure 2 shows the average number of days lost due to sickness per teacher, in all schools was 10.2. The largest average number of days lost due to sickness was in special schools at 15.6 and the lowest average number of days lost due to sickness was in grammar schools (excluding voluntary grammar) with an average 4.7 days.

Figure 3 - Average number of days lost due to sickness per teacher 2021/22 - 2025/26

  • Figure 3 shows the trend in sickness absence since 2021/22. In 2021/22, when sickness absences due to COVID-19 were included, schools lost 10.1 days. The next three years have seen a drop in absence to 9.8 days in 2022/23, 9.7 days in 2023/24 and 9.4 in 2024/25. In 2025/26 sickness absences increased by 0.6 to 10.2 days.

Figure 4 - Percentage of days lost due to sickness by duration

  • Figure 4 shows the percentage of days lost due to short and long term sickness from 2021/22 to 2025/26. In 2021/22, 69.3% of sickness absences were long term (more than 20 days) while only 14.3% were medium term (5 to 6 days) and 16.4% were short term (less than 5 days).

  • Between 2022/23 and 2025/26 sickness absences due to short (20.9% in 2022/23 and 19.3% in 2025/26), medium (13.1% in 2022/23 and 13.4% in 2025/26) and long term sickness (66% in 2022/23 and 67.3% in 2025/26) have remained relatively constant.

Section 3. Teacher Substitution Costs

Figure 5 - Teacher Subsitution Costs in Northern Ireland 2016/17 - 2025/26

  • Figure 5 shows the teacher substitution costs for each year from 2016/17 to 2025/26. Overall, teacher substitution costs have increased from 2016/17 to 2025/26, from £73.6 million to £131.1 million. Teacher substitution costs also increased from £112.1 million in 2024/25 to £131.1 million in 2025/26. This information is given in Tables 6 and 7 and a breakdown by school type is given in Table 8.

  • Table 9 gives a breakdown of the cost of substitution cover by reason. The figures up to 2022/23 are based on the absence reason recorded for the permanent teacher, however from 2023/24 onwards the data is based on the reason for cover recorded for the supply teacher, therefore, the 2023/24 to 2025/26 figures should not be compared with previous years. In 2025/26 the highest cost of substitution was vacant posts at a cost of £44.3 million, followed by sickness at £25.5 million and maternity/adoption/paternity at £18.2 million.

Figure 6 - Substitution Days as a Proportion of Total Teaching Days 2016/17 - 2025/26

  • Figure 6 shows the number of substitution days as a proportion of total teaching days for each year from 2016/17 to 2025/26. During this period the number of substitution days was rising from 505,597 to 669,843 (table 10). As a result the number of substitution days as a proportion of total teaching days has increased from 16.3% in 2016/17 to 20.8% in 2025/26.

Figure 7 - Proportion of Substitution Cover Provided by Prematurely Retired Teachers 2016/17 - 2025/26

  • Figure 7 shows the proportion of substitution days worked by Prematurely Retired Teachers for each year from 2016/17 to 2025/26. The number of substitution days worked by prematurely retired teachers has fallen from 8,557 in 2016/17 to 2,336 in 2025/26, which represents 0.3% of the total days worked, compared to 1.7% in 2016/17.

  • The reduction in substitute cover provided by prematurely retired teachers may be due to changes in pay for substitute teachers. In 2011, the Department issued guidance to schools on rates of pay for prematurely retired teachers. The link below gives the circular issued to schools detailing the new rate of pay effective from 1 September 2011 for prematurely retired teachers who are re-employed.

    Circular 2011/17 - Rate of pay for prematurely retired teachers from 1 September 2011 | Department of Education (education-ni.gov.uk)

  • Table 13 shows the average daily and hourly substitute cover rates. The daily cost for controlled and maintained schools has increased by £46.73 and £21.34 from £164.29 and £157.51 in 2021/22 to £211.02 and £178.85 in 2025/26. The daily cost for special controlled and maintained schools has increased by £46.13 and £34.59 from £176.43 and £169.64 in 2021/22 to £222.56 and £204.23 in 2025/26.

Notes to readers

Official Statistics

  1. This is an Official Statistics publication. Our statistical practice is regulated by the Office for Statistics Regulation (OSR).

  2. OSR sets the standards of trustworthiness, quality and value in the Code of Practice for Statistics that all producers of official statistics should adhere to. You are welcome to contact us directly with any comments about how we meet these standards.

  3. Alternatively, you can contact OSR by emailing or via the OSR website.”

Teacher Vacancy Survey

  1. The figures for teacher vacancies are derived from the Teacher Vacancy Survey. This data collection covers all grant-aided schools in Northern Ireland, and was carried out by NISRA Central Survey Unit on behalf of DE Statistical Analysis Team in the autumn term of 2025/26. All figures refer to the position of schools on 3 November 2025.

Teacher Sickness Absence

  1. The Department committed to publish key figures on the Management of Substitution Cover for Teachers on an annual basis by 30 June each year, beginning in 2012. This commitment was given in DFP’s Memorandum on the 2nd Report from the Public Accounts Committee Session 2010/11 – The Management of Substitution Cover for Teachers: Follow up Report 25 Jan 2011. NI Assembly Website - The Management of Substitution Cover for Teachers; opens in new window

  2. The teacher sickness absence data is extracted from the computerised teachers’ payroll system.

  3. Teacher sickness absences are given for the financial year 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026.

  4. The number of all permanent teachers used is an average number of teachers who have worked in schools from 1 April 2025 to 31 March 2026.

  5. The following types of teacher are included in the teacher sickness absence:

  • full-time permanent teachers;
  • part-time permanent teachers; and
  • peripatetic teachers.
    (all above include teachers paid on 1/365th basis)

  1. Excluded from all figures are teachers at voluntary grammar schools and their preparatory departments as this information is not available from the teachers’ payroll system. Teachers in the preparatory departments of controlled grammar schools are included in the grammar figures.

  2. The numbers are based on a headcount, not full-time equivalent.

  3. For 2020/21 figures exclude any sickness due to COVID-19. From 11 February 2021 the guidance to schools on recording COVID-19 absences was updated to provide that for a teacher with confirmed COVID-19, absence after the first 10 days should be recorded as a sickness absence rather than COVID-19 absence and for 2022/23 onwards figures include all sickness absences due to COVID-19.

Teacher Substitution Data

  1. Teacher substitution data is extracted from the computerised teachers’ payroll system. Substitution costs are calculated on the teachers’ payroll system from service processed through the Northern Ireland Supply Teachers’ Register (NISTR).

  2. Figures are based on financial years i.e. 1 April 2025 – 31 March 2026.

  3. Figures include peripatetic teachers.

  4. All permanent and temporary payroll (substitution) costs exclude employers’ national insurance and superannuation costs.

  5. All substitution costs relate to temporary payroll only.

  6. Total teaching days are calculated as the average headcount of teachers multiplied by the total number of teaching days in a year, 195.

  7. Substitute days booked from a COVID-19 budget from 2020/21 onwards are not included in the substitute days total as these were booked using dummy schools so a breakdown of them could not be provided for those years. However, these have been included in the substitution costs under a COVID-19 category so the cost is separately identified.

Revisions Policy

  1. The figures included in this release may be subject to minor revision and these will be notified in accordance with our revisions policy. This can be accessed at DE Website; opens in new window

Definition of management types

  1. Definitions of school management types are as follows:
  • Controlled schools managed and funded by the Education Authority (EA) through Boards of Governors (BoG). Primary and secondary school BoGs consist of representatives of transferors (mainly the Protestant Churches) along with representatives of parents, teachers and EA. Controlled nursery, grammar and special school BoGs consist only of representatives of the latter three categories and the Department (DE).
  • Controlled Integrated schools are managed and funded by the Education Authority (EA) through Boards of Governors (BoG). The majority of BoGs consist of representatives of transferors, catholic maintained trustees, parents, teachers and EA.
  • Grant-Maintained Integrated schools are owned and managed by their BoG which consist of foundation governors along with representatives of parents, teachers and DE. They are funded by EA.

A Voluntary school means a grant-aided school other than a controlled school or a grant‐maintained integrated school:

  • Catholic maintained schools are voluntary schools owned by trustees and managed by BoGs which consist of members appointed by trustees along with representatives of parents, teachers, EA and DE. Catholic Maintained schools are funded by EA.
  • Other maintained schools are voluntary schools owned by trustees and managed by BoGs which consist of members appointed by trustees along with representatives of parents, teachers, EA and in some cases, DE. Other Maintained schools are funded by EA.
  • Voluntary grammar schools are owned by trustees and managed by BoGs. The majority of BoGs consist of members appointed by the trustees along with representatives of parents, teachers, DE and in some cases, EA. Voluntary Grammar schools are funded by EA.

General

  1. The following symbols are used in the tables in this Statistical Bulletin:
    * = Relates to fewer than 5 cases
    # = Number (5 or more) suppressed to prevent disclosure of small numbers elsewhere
    - = Indicates no schools in this category

Contact Information

Request for further information should be addressed to:-

Christine Bowden
Will Logan

Statistical Analysis Team
Department of Education
Rathgael House
Balloo Road
Rathgill
BANGOR
Co. Down
BT19 7PR

Telephone (028) 9127 9985
E-mail:

Special analyses of the workforce statistics can be undertaken on request.

Press enquiries should be made to the Department’s Press Office at the same address, telephone (028) 9127 9772.

Feedback on this publication can be provided directly to Christine Bowden (contact details above) or contact the Statistical Analysis Team

List of Tables

The tables for this publication are listed below and can be downloaded in either excel (.xlsx) or comma separated value (.csv) format by clicking on the relevant button.

  • Table 1. Teacher vacancies in grant-aided schools in Northern Ireland: 2025
  • Table 2. Teacher vacancies in grant-aided schools in Northern Ireland, 2021 – 2025
  • Table 3. Sickness absence of all permanent teachers in Northern Ireland by school type: 1 April 2025 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 4. Sickness absence of all permanent teachers by management type in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2025 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 5. Sickness absence of all permanent teachers by school type in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 6. Teacher substitution costs by management type in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 7. Teacher substitution costs by school management type in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 8. Teacher substitution costs by school type in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 9. Cost of substitution cover by reason: 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 10. Number of substitution days as a proportion of total teaching days in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 11. Proportion of substitution cover provided by prematurely retired teachers in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 12. Number of days worked by retired teachers providing substitute cover in Northern Ireland: 1 April 2016 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 13a. Average daily substitute cover rates by employing authority 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2026
  • Table 13b. Average hourly substitute cover rates by employing authority 1 April 2021 – 31 March 2026

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